A. ABNORMAL WATER BALANCE: 1) increased gastric secretions: gastronomy: gastrin tumor --> increased gastrin--> stomach secreting large amounts of acid. (can also be caused by histamine).
2) increased small bowel secretions: VIPoma (Verner-morrison syndrome)- excessive vast-intestinal peptide secretion by neuroendocrine cell --> increased intestinal secretions (T4, calcitonin, T3 are other causes)
Decrased small bowel absorption: infections/inflammation (giardiasis, cyclosporine, cryptosporidium), lack of bile/digestive enzymes ( liver disease, pancreatic insufficiency, lactose/fructose deficiency), abnormal mucosa ( celiac/crohn's daises), non- absorbable food components (laxatives), short bowel syndrome, intestinal ischemia, drugs, malignancies
decreased colonic absorption: inflammatoin/infection ( C. diff,) , abronomal colonic mucosa, ischemia and IBS