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Vascular Dementia (Sri Munawaroh) - Coggle Diagram
Vascular Dementia (Sri Munawaroh)
definition
According to WHO, dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome that because of a chronic and progressive disorder accompanied by multiple sublime functions such as calculation, learning capacity, language, and fetching decision.
classification
Mild vascular cognitive impairment
Multi-infrared dementia. Caused by large vessel infarction multiple
Dementia infarct strategy. As a result of ischemic lesions in the cortical area or subcortical with important functions.
Vascular dementia due to lacunar lesions
Binswanger's disease. Caused by ischemic vascular disease small (such as multiple lacunae in the basal ganglia, in the subcortical or periventricular white matter).
Vascular dementia due to hemorrhagic lesions. There is cerebrovascular disease hemorrhage, such as a subdural or intracerebral hematoma or hemorrhage subarachnoid
Subcortical vascular dementia
Mixed dementia (a combination of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia)
etiology
The main cause of vascular dementia is cerebrovascular disease multiple, leading to a pattern of dementia symptoms. Disturbance especially affects small and medium-sized cerebral vessels, which undergo Infarction produces multiple parenchymal lesions that spread to areas of the brain large. Causes of infarction include occlusion of blood vessels by arteriosclerotic plaque or thromboembolism from a distant origin such as a heart valve.
risk factors
Old age
Hypertension
Smoking
Chronic alcohol use
Atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia
Plasma homocysteine
Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic CNS infectious diseases (meningitis, syphilis and HIV)
Chronic exposure to metals (mercury poisoning, arsenic and aluminum)
Use of drugs (including sedatives and analgesics) long-term
Low level of education
Family history of dementia
pathophysiology
diagnose
history
Medical history, Asked about risk factors for vascular dementia such as hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Also a history of stroke or the presence of CNS infection.
Drug and alcohol history, Is the patient a chronic alcohol drinker or an alcoholic drugs that can decrease cognitive function such as sleeping pills and tricyclic antidepressants.
Family history, Is a family who has dementia or a history of the disease cerebrovascular.
physical examination
Reflex grasp
The glabellar reflex
Refleks palmomental
Mandibular corneal reflex
Snout reflex
suck reflex
tonic foot reflex
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
pharmacological treatment
Aspirin
Tioclodipine
Clopidogrel bisulfate
complication
Nutritional deficiency. The condition occurs because the patient forgets to eat well, or may not be able to swallow and chew.
Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs). Difficulty swallowing increases the risk of choking or sucking food into the lungs, which can block breathing and cause pneumonia.
Can't take care of myself. Inability to perform self-care, such as bathing, dressing, brushing hair or teeth, using own toilet, and taking medication accurately.
Dead. End-stage dementia leads to coma and death, often from infection.
prognosis
The prognosis of vascular dementia is more variable than that of Alzheimer's disease
Some patients may experience several series of strokes and then be free stroke over several years if treated for risk factor modification of strokes.
Based on several studies, vascular dementia can shorten life expectancy as much as 50% in men, individuals with higher educational levels low and in individuals with deteriorating neurologic test results
Causes of death were complications from dementia, cardiovascular disease and various other factors such as violence.
education and prevention
Keep your mind active, such as reading, solving puzzles, or playing guessing games or sharpening your memory.
Be active both physically and socially, by doing sports regularly and interacting with the people around you, such as joining the community.
Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
Take medication for any health problems you have, such as depression, hypertension, or high cholesterol.
Get full of nutrients from a variety of healthy foods, especially from vitamin D, vitamin B complex, and vitamin C. You can get a variety of nutrients from vegetables, fruit, nuts, eggs, meat, and whole grains.
Keep a healthy diet, so that your body weight remains ideal.
Make sure you get enough rest. If you have sleep disorders, don't hesitate to consult a doctor.
differential diagnosis
Alzheimer's disease
Cognitive decline due to age
depression
delirium
memory loss
