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Turkish Economy, History Of Turkish Economy (main historical stages) -…

- - - - Vegetable products production amount increased by 1.8% in 2021 compared to the previous year and reached approximately 31.8 million tons.
    - - Compared to the previous year, apricots decreased by 4%, grapes by 12.8%, cherries by 4.8%, apples by 4.5%, strawberries by 22.4% and olives by 32.1%.
    - - Grain production volumes decreased by 14.3% in 2021 compared to the previous year and amounted to approximately 31.9 million tons.
  - - - According to the employment data of 2021, 17.2% of the employed were in agriculture, 21.3% in industry, 6.2% in construction and 55.3% in the service sector.
    - - In 2021, the labor force participation rate increased by 2.3 points to 51.4%.
    - - Unemployment rate among the young population covering the 15-24 age group decreased by 2.3 points compared to the previous year and became 22.6% in 2021.
  - - - While the registered employment rate of undergraduate graduates was 71.1% in 2021, this rate was calculated as 63.0% for associate degree graduates.
    - - Education expenditures increased by 4.5% in 2020 compared to 2019 and reached 270 billion 921 million TL.
    - - The number of libraries increased by 1.7% in 2021 to 34.555
  - - - In 2021, ready made clothing exports were 20.2 billion dollars
    - - In 2021, the export of the food and beverage sector was 22.9 billion dollars, and the imports were 17.2 billion dollars.
    - - Services exports were 34.8 billion dollars in
        2021, and imports were 27.9 billion dollars
    - - In 2021, pharmaceutical imports increased by 33.3% to reach 7.52 billion dollars. On the other hand, exports grew by 3.7% and reached its historical highest level with 1.91 billion dollars.
  - - - Steel production in 2021 increased by 12.7% to 40.4 million tons.
    - - As of August 2022, the annual increase in exports in the defense and aerospace industry reached an all-time record and reached 3 billion 992 million dollars.
    - - The chemical industry was the second largest exporter in 2021, with exports worth $25.3 billion.
  - - - According to the results of the Saving Trends Survey (TTEA) for the second quarter of 2022, the rate of saving ownership has increased to 19 percent and has continued to rise since the third quarter of 2021.
    - - The ratio of total gross savings to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 30.3% for the total economy in 2021.
    - - The savings rate, defined as the ratio of household savings to disposable income, was 11.2% in 2020 and 11.4% in 2021.
  - - - In the Global Innovation Index, in which 132 countries compete, Turkey rose to 37th place in 2022.
    - - Startups received an investment of approximately 1.3 billion dollars in the first quarter of 2022.
    - - While the ratio of the gross domestic R&D expenditures in GDP was 1.09% in 2020, its ratio in the GDP of 7 trillion 248 billion 789 million TL increased to 1.13% in 2021.
- - - - Beko
      - Vestel
      - Aselsan
      - General Mobile
      - Arçelik
    - - Cotton weaving
      - Wool yarn and wool fabric
      - Carpet Weaving
      - Leather goods, hides, furs, shoes
      - Ready-made clothing sector
    - - Fertilizer factories
      - Pharmaceutical factories
      - Cosmetic
      - Petrochemistry
      - Synthetic rubber-Tires factories
    - - Kipaş
      - Konya Kağıt
      - Alkim Kağıt
      - Mopak Kağıt
      - Marmara Kağıt
    - - Türk Traktör
      - Temsa
      - Mercedes Benz
      - MAN
      - Ford Otosan
  - - - Poppy
      - Cotton
      - Linen
      - Hemp
      - Tobacco
    - - Green Lentil Cultivation
      - Red Lentil Cultivation
      - Chickpea Cultivation
      - Kidney Bean Cultivation
      - Dry Bean Cultivation
    - - Rice
      - Oat
      - Barley
      - Rye
      - Wheat
    - - Chain stores
      - Grocery store
      - Outdoor markets
      - Supermarkets
      - Greengrocers
    - - Sesame
      - Peanut
      - Soy
      - Corn
      - Sunflower
  - - - Scholarship Service
      - Public Education Centres
      - Dormitory Services
      - Vocational Courses
      - Libraries
    - - Air cargo companies
      - Intermodal / combined transportation
      - Sea transport companies
      - Forwarders etc. companies
      - Road transport companies
    - - Water
      - Natural gas
      - Transportation
      - Electricity
      - Telecommunication
    - - PTT
      - Cable Broadcast Services
      - Infrastructure Services
      - Telecommunication
      - Satellite Platform Services (Digiturk, D-smart, Tivibu)
    - - Vaccination
      - Health Tourism
      - Private Health Services
      - Rehabilitation Services
      - Public Health Services