Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
English grammar for EILTS - Coggle Diagram
English grammar for EILTS
Tenses
Present tenses
Present simple
S + verb (e/es) + O
S + do/does not + verb +O
Do/Does + S + verb + O
He plays tennis.
He does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
to talk about regular habits or repeated actions
I get up early everyday
always, generally, normally, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, everyday, every morning...
to talk about permanent situations
My parents own a restaurant
to talk about facts/truths
The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west
to give instructions and directions
You go down and then turn left
Present continuous
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are not + V-ing + O
Am/is/are + S + V-ing + O?
He is living in Thailand
I am not living in Thailand
Are you living in Thailand?
to talk about temporary situations
My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment.
at the moment, currently, now, this week, this month, this year...
to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking
I am waiting for my friends.
to talk about trend or changing situations
The price of petrol is rising dramatically.
to talk about things that happen more often than expected
He is always visiting exciting places!
always, constantly, continually, forever
not used with state verbs
thoughts: agree, assume, believe, disagree, forget, hope, know, regret, remember, suppose, think, understand
I agree with you.
feelings: adore, like, love, mind, prefer, want, hate, feel, enjoy, dislike, despise
I like music.
senses: feel, taste, hear, see, smell
This cake smells delicious.
possession: have, own, belong
My parents own a restaurant.
description: appear, contain, look, look like, mean, resemble, seem, smell, sound, taste, weigh
You look like your mom.
Present perfect simple
S + have/has + V-pp + O
S + have/has not + V-pp + O
Have/has + S + V-pp + O
She has started the assignment
I have not started the assignment
Have you started the assignment?
to talk about a time period that is not finished
I have written a rough plan this morrning
this morning, this week,...
to show that something happened at some point in the past before now, but don't state when it happened
I have collected plenty of information
ever, never, before, up to now, still, so far, recently, just, already, yet
to talk about a present situation which started in the past till now
I have worked really hard for the last two weeks
for/ since
This is the first time I have ever had to write such a long assignment
It/This/That is the first time/ the second time/ the best/ the only/ the worst/ ...
Present perfect continuous
S + have/has been + V-ing + O
S + have/has not been + V-ing + O
Have/has been + S + V-ing + O
I have been studying really hard
He has not been studying really hard
Have you been studying really hard?
to say how long a situation/ actions has been going on till now
I have felt tired for weeks.
I have been feeling tired since I moved here
for/ since
Emphasizes how long/ focus on the actions
Past tenses
Past simple
S + V (ed/d) + O
S + did not + V + O
Did + S + V + O?
He worked for the police.
She did not work for the police.
Did they work for the police?
to talk about single past completed actions
She called to report a robbery last week.
to give a series of actions in the order that they happened
The burglar came in through the front door, picked up the hand bag and stole her purse.
to talk about past repeated actions
when her son got older, he often went out to visit his friends
used to/ would
to talk about long-term situations in the past which are no longer true
He worked for the police for over 17 years
Used to/ would
S + used to/ would + V-infinitive
S + did not use to + V-infinitive
Did + S + use to + V-infinitive?
She used to/ would lock the door.
I did not use to lock the door.
Did they use to lock the door?
He used to work for the police
He worked for the police for over 17 years
how long --> not used to
Past continuous
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were not + V-ing + O
Was/were + S + V-ing + O?
She was watching TV
They were not watching TV
Were you watching TV?
to provide the background scene to an action in the past
He was doing his homework when the burglar came into his house
while, when, as
when we want to emphasize the activity without focusing in its competion
For a while last year, I was working at the cinema, studying for my degree and writing a newspaper.
Past perfect simple
S + had + V-pp + O
S + had not + V-pp + O
Had + S + V-pp + O?
They had listened to his music
They had not listened to his music
Had they listened to his music?
when talk about the past and mention something happened earlier
Mozart was a composer and his farther had also been a musician
when, as soon as, by the time, after
to talk about an indefinite time before a particular point in the past
By the time he was six, he had written a composition of his own
always, sometimes, never, before, by + time
to report past events using reporting verbs
The man tole me he had met my farther
Past perfect continuous
S + had been + V-ing + O
S + had not been + V-ing +O
Had been + S + V-ing + O?
She had been studying for ages.
He had not been studying for long.
Had you been studying for long?
to focus how long/ to focus actions itself
Time were hard and the family had been struggling for some time
Future tenses
Future continuous
S + will be + V-ing + O
S + will not be + V-ing + O
Will be + S + V-ing + O?
I will be feeling nervous.
She will no be feeling nervous
Will you be feeling nervous?
to talk about something continuing at a particular point in the future/ or over a period of time in the future
I will be working an the report all next week.
to talk about events that are planned or already decided
I will be seeing Sarah at lunch
Future perfect simple
S + will have + V-pp + O
S + will not have + V-pp + O
Will have + S + V-pp + O?
I will have done it by then
We will not have done it by then
Will you have done it by then?
to talk about a future event that will finish before a specified time in the future
I will have finished it by next Friday
Before, by+time, in+time
Future perfect continuous
S + will have been + V-ing + O
S + will not have been + V-ing + O
Will have been + S + V-ing + O?
I will have been studying here for three month
We will not have been studying here for long
How long will you have been studying here?
Focus how long?
Future simple
Will
S + will + V +O
S + will not + V + O
Will + S + V + O?
We will enjoy it.
He will not enjoy it
Will they enjoy it?
To make a prediction, usually based on our opinions or experience
I think it will be hot there.
to talk about future events we have not arranged yet
We will probably stay in some hotels.
to talk about future events/ facts that are not personal
The best player will get as special trophy
to talk about something we decide to do at the time of speaking
Give me all information and I will pass it to the manager
Be going to
S + am/is/are going to + V + O
S + am/is/are not going to + V + O
Am/is/are going to + S + V + O?
We are going to hire a bus
He is no going to hire a bus
Are they going to hire a bus?
to talk about future events we have thought about and intend to do
we are going to get boat to a couple of islands
To make predictions when there is present evidence
It is going to rain
Be about to
same with will