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Brain, 스크린샷 2022-10-26 오전 11.47.36, 스크린샷 2022-10-26 오후 12.05.48, 스크린샷 2022…

- - - - – Usually lesions are done for scientific of medicinal purposes.
        
        – Function
  - - - – Combines a series of X-ray images to allow taken from different angles, that create cross-sectional images of the body(bones) and brain.
        
        – Structure
  - - - – Function
  - - - – Structure
  - - - – A process that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body and brain. Patient ingests a radioactive form of glucose, PET then takes pictures of it being used in the body/brain.
        
        – Function
- - - - It includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
  - - - – Two finger-like structures attached to amygdala involved in processing (new) memories.
  - - - – directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature, and sex.
        
        – Help govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
        
        • Ventromedial-“vomit”-tells you when to stop eating
        
        • Lateral-“ let's eat”-tell you when you are hungry
  - - - – Band of nerves that connect the two cortical
        hemispheres and carries messages between them.
  - - - – Frontal Lobes (forehead)
      - – Parietal lobes(Top to rear head)
      - – Occipital lobes (back head)
      - – Temporal lobes (side of head)
- - - - – Two parts: Pons &Medulla
        
        • Pons(脑桥): passing neural information from one brain region to spinal cord–REM sleep
        
        • Medulla (延髓): controls involuntary actions, eg:breathing, digestion, heart rate, swallowing (basic life function)
  - - - – It helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
- - - - – Judgment
        
        – planning
        
        – producing speech sounds
        
        – emotions (controlling them)
        
        – personality
        
        – temperament
        
        – movement (motor cortex)
- - - - – if a part of the motor cortex was electrically stimulated, it would cause that body part to move
        
        – movements that are precise or delicate are controlled by considerably large portions of motor control
  - - - • Spatial reasoning
        – spatial sense and navigation
        
        • somatosensory cortex
        
        – touch
        
        – pressure
        
        – temperature – pain
    - - – Location: in the front of parietal lobe
        
        – Function: Largely responsible for perceiving touch and pressure on parts of body
        
        • If a part of the sensory cortex was electrically stimulated, it would cause the person to “feel” pressure on that part of the body
        
        • the more sensitive the area, the greater area of sensory cortex dedicated to it.
- - - -  Reticular activation system(RAS)
        Controlsarousal(wakefulnessandalertnes)
- - - - • Function:
        
        – The auditory area
        
        – receiving information primarily from the opposite ear.
        
        – Hearing(Primary auditory cortex)
        
        – storing long term memories
        
        – speech and language understanding
- - - - – all aspects of vision(Primary visual cortex)
      - – each piece of visual cortex corresponds to a particular place on the retina...receiving only information from that place...the pieces are later put together to from the whole.
- - - - – Wernicke's Area: In left temporal lobe that is involved in language comprehension and expression
- - - - • Brain activity associated with a certain function can be transferred to a
        different location, particularly if the original area becomes damaged.
- - - - • But there are side effects that we can observe in these patients that helps us understand the specializations of each hemisphere.
        – Roger Sperry won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1981 for his work on split-brain research.