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Diego Delgado P.3 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Diego Delgado P.3 Skeletal System
Bone Fracture Repair
Bone fractures take 6-8 weeks to heal ( some can take 20 weeks)
After a fracture, a blood clot will form around it to begin the healing process
There are other methods to healing a broken bone, casting, some surgery, or if allowed, natural healing over time.
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Tissue
Lamellae - membrane of the bone
Canaliculi - channel/duct
Osteon - unit of compact bone
Haversian Canal - containing blood vessels
Periosteum - nerve that wraps around bones
Names of Bones
Frontal - forehead
Nasal - nose
Temporal - in line with ear
Zygomatic - cheek
Maxillae - upper jaw
Mandible - lower jaw
Vomer - bottom of nose
Clavicle - connects breastbone to shoulder
Scapula - shoulder blade
Humerus - upper arm
Radius - outer forearm
Ulna - Inner forearm
Carpal - wrist
Metacarpals - middle of fingers
Phalanges - fingers
Sternum - breastbone
True Ribs - first 7 ribs
False Ribs - middle 5 ribs
Floating Ribs - bottom 2 ribs
Coxal - hip bone (ilium)
Sacrum - tailbone
Ischium - bottom of coxal
Pubis - pubic area
Femur - upper leg
Patella - kneecap
Tibia - shin bone
Fibula - small leg bone
Tarsal - ankle
Metatarsals - middle of toes
Phalanges - toes
Disorders/Diseases
Osteoarthritis - protective cartilage at ends of bones start to wear down
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Genetic disorder that causes brittle bones
Osteocaroma - Malignant bone tumor
Osteomyelitis - An infection in the bone
Paget's Disease - metabolic bone disease affecting the breakdown and rebuilding of the bone
Types of Bones
Long Bone - has a long, thin shape (fibula)
Short Bone - has a squat, cubed shape (carpal)
Flat Bone - has a flattened, broad surface (patella)
Irregular Bone - Has a shape that does not match the other ones (zygomatic)
Anatomy of the Long Bone
Articular Cartilage - white end
Epiphysis - top 25% of bone
Diaphysis - middle 50% of bone
Spongy bone - part of bone that is spongy
Medullary cavity - area under spongy bone
Endosteum - very middle of long bone
Periosteum - around endosteum
Compact Bone - solid bone
Bone Remodeling
Bones are usually remodeled after an injury
Bone remodeling is a process
It can take 4-8 months
This process can occur multiple times throughout our lives and is essential to our health.
Male vs Female Skeleton
Males tend to have larger, more robust bones and joint surfaces
Males have larger skulls
Male torso is shorter than female
Female pelvis wider
Male arms longer
male legs longer
Joints
Ball and Socket - most movement allowed (hip joint)
Saddle - biaxial; flexion/extension or abduction/adduction (thumb)
Hinge - synovial joint that allows for movement in one direction (knee)
Condyloid - egg shaped; wrist
Pivot - freely moveable through rotation; neck
Gliding - slide over eachother; between carpals
Movement Allowed by Synovial Joints - abduction (away), adduction (towards), extension, flexion, and rotation