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Scotland - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Nicolas Sturgeon > independence referendum on Oct. 19, 2023
      - question of whether the scottish government can pass a referendum bill to the supreme court
  - - - doing better than douglass ross and keir starmer
      - compared to nationals better too
  - - - 2014 key economic issues : currency
        
        Options
        
        formally share the pound
        
        informally share the pound
        
        scotland creates it's own currency
        
        scotland joins the Euro
        
        yes campaign preference - formally share the pound
        
        rejected by UK governemtn and all UK political parties = now if they became independent they would have a scottish pound
        
        key issue = north sea oil revenue
        
        ppl worried about fiscal sustainability
    - - ACESS TO eu MEMBERSHIP
      - a hard border
      - many similar technical and legal challenges : settling bills, splitting assets, fixing the right to work and study and access to fishing waters : "brexit on steroids"
    - - but not better eco conseq if indep..
  - - - scotland would not have implement policies decided in london that most scots reject
      - scotland would be able to stay in the EU
      - scotland would have full powers to decide how to use North Sea oil revenues
      - scotland would no longer be forced to have a base for nuclear weapons
      - the NHS in scotland would improve
    - - uk has ressources to help(banking crisis 2008)
      - scotland would be able to continue using the pound
      - ensure that english and scottish ppl can continue to live, study and work in each other's country
      - scotland would be safer withinthe NATO alliance
      - pensions and future pension rights are more likely to be protected if scotland stays within the UK
  - - - highlands
        
        life sciences
        
        foods and drink
        
        sustainable tourism
      - north east
        
        life sciences
        
        creative industries
        
        energy
        
        food and drinks
      - central belt
        
        financial
        
        creative industries
        
        life sciences
        
        sustainable tourism
      - south
        
        sustainable tourism
        
        foods and drinks
      - western isles
        
        life science
        
        foods and drinks
      - 34 of uk's natural wealth, 90% fres water and hydropower, 96 crude oil , natural gaz, offshore maritime areas, timber production, fish landings...
    - - scotland's food and drink exports were up 15% in 2021
      - driven by a strong return to growth in exports of beverages and seafood products with both up 16%
      - france is scotland's largest export partner, overtaking the USA with exports now worth more than 1 billion
      - exports to china nearly doubled in 2021 to nearly 225m , making un 4% of scotland's food and drink exports
      - "scotland continues to punch above its weight- accounting for the largest shere of UK food and drink exports- with an impressive 30% of total exports"
    - - UK government "independence would break up the domestic market and independant scotland would have to settle it's own legal and regulatory framework for financial services and it's own tax system"
    - - most tourists US (37%)
      - scenery and landscape, history and culture, heritage for scottish
      - TOP 10 tourism dependent regions : argyll and bute > hishland > edinburg city > perth and kinross > orkney islands > shetland islands > south ayshire > stiling > glasgow city > aberdeen city
    - - deindustrialisation process > impact on socio-economic situation
      - glascow effect
        
        scotland "the sick man of europe"
        
        glasgow's health bad
        
        socio-economic depravation (underpinned by effects of post-industiral decline)
        
        poverty and deprivation (and underlying/ related factors e.G deindustrialisation) main drivers of poor health in any society but nos sufficient explanation
        
        'exess' mortality observed in Scotland (compared to elsewhere in the UK) over and above that explained by differences in socio-economic deprivation
        
        Ubiquitous in Scotland but greatest in and around Glasgow
        
        Glasgow vs Liverpool and manchester 2003-2007
        
        30% higher premature deaths
        
        15% higher deaths all ages referred to as 'Scottish Effect' and 'Glasgow Effect'
        
        overcrowding..
      - male and female life expetency at birth not good
      - other issues
        
        skills (skill gaps reported by buisnesses)
        
        highest share of pop has at least terciary education ! lots of spendings in education.. but no skills ?
        
        transports, connectivity...
  - - - renewable energy
      - higher education
      - living wage
      - young people's participation
      - buisness base
      - gender employment
      - Broadband
    - - economic participation
      - skill utilisation , shoratges
      - buisness survival
      - employee voice
      - productivity
      - reputation
      - workplace learning
      - low skills
      - attainment
    - - gender pay gap
      - exports
      - capital stock
      - economic growth
    - - inovative buisnesses
      - buisness investments
      - income inequality
      - early stage entrepreunarialism
- - - - Built by the Romans to keep out the "picts"
      - no roman remains in the Highlands
  - - - crisis of succession : Elizabeth (tudor) had no heir
      - 1603 James VI (stuart) of scotland becomes James I of England
      - English and Scottish crowns united
      - 1707 act of union , union of parliament creates "great britain"
        
        opposition
        
        "Jacobite" movement
        
        James II deposed 1688 "glorious Revolution"
        
        Religious and political struggle - Protestants / constitutional monarchy
        
        Jacobite Rebellions 1715 and 1745 (endend with englis defeat of scots at culloden in 46 > painting of David Morier the battle of Culloden, 46 )
        
        Led to a period of English domination
        
        Power over scotland exercices from westminster (key decision taken in london) THEN**3
  - - - anglophile scots (esp. in lowland Scotland)
      - emigration - America [US], canada, Autralia, England
      - Scottish industrial revolution (expansion of industry, commerce)
- - - - 1st attempt at devolution > Britain 1970s, referendum in wales and scotland in march 1979
        
        devolution was supported by labour, but opposed by the conservatives (margaret tchatcher)
        
        "no" in wales 79%
        
        Yes in scotland 51%, but turnout below the necessary 40% of electorate
        
        devolution did not happen : snp MPs at westminster angry
        
        political crisis ; Labour lose power
  - - - for creation of Scottish Parliament 74.3%
      - for tax raising powers 63%
  - - - devolved : education, health, housing
      - reserved : defence, foreign policy, immigration
    - - snp = party of scottish independence
      - referendum 18 september 2014 > 55% no, 44% yes