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Mikaela Hernandez: Period 5:Skeletal concept map - Coggle Diagram
Mikaela Hernandez: Period 5:Skeletal concept map
Joints
Functional:syarthroses:immovable joints, AMphiathroses:slightly movable, Diarthroses:freely
Structural:fibrous,cartilaginous,synovial
Cartilaginous joints not highly movable:bones by cartilage:synchondroses bar or plate,Symphyses(discs)Pubic
Sybovial Joints freely movable:bones seperated by fluid filled joint cavity
Fibrous:dense fibrous ct (mpst are immovable: 3 types:suturea,syndesmoses(ligaments),gomphoses(peg in sockets)
Disorder or diseases
Osteoperosis matrix is normal but bone mass declines
Pagets disease:too much haphazard bone deposit and reorption and grow too fast
Osteomalacia and rickets:bones are poorly mineralized
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
osteoblasts:bone formin cells taht secrete bone matrix
osteocyes:mature bone in lacunae that dont divide anymore
Osteogenic cells:active stemcells in periosteum and endosteum
bone lining cells:flat cells on bone surfaces that also help with matrix
osteoclasts:cells functioning to breakup bone
Names of bones
Axial
Vertebrae:Atlas,axis,cervical curviture,thoracic,lumbar
Sacrum and cocyx
Skull:Parietal,frontal(forehead),temporal,nasal(nose),zygomatic(cheeck),maxilla,mandible,
Appendicular
Hands:carpals(wrist),metacarpals, and phalanges(digits)
coxal bone,ischium,illium
humerous,radius(thumb),Ulna(pinky),
Legs:femur,fibula(lateral),tibia
clavicle,scapula,sternum
feet:talus,calcaneuous(heel),tarsals,metatarsals,phalanges
Types of bones
Irregular
complicated shapes:vertebrae
Flat
thin flat curved:skull
Short
cube shaped:wrist and ankles
Long
longer than width(limbs):femur,humerus
differences between male and female
Male:less wide more compact hip bones
Female:more wide structure for hips,made for birth:larger pelvic inlet
Anatomy of long bone
diaphysis:tubular shaft that run through long bone
epiphyses:end long bone
Membranes:two types
periosteum:white double layered membrane,fibrous layer,osteogenic layer
Endosteum:delicate ct covering internal surface od the bone
Bone Remodeling
bone resorption
(osteoclasts): break down matrix demineralize and breakdown dead osteocyte
bone deposit
New bone deposited by osteoblasts
Bone fracture repair
fibrocartilaginous callus formations:capillaries grow in hematoma secrete collagen fibers to connect ends
bony callus formation:(within a week):new trebeculae appear in fibrocratilaginous callus
Hematoma formation:torn blood vessels hemorage forming blood clots
bone remodeling:begins during callus formation excess material is thrown out
Movement allowed by synovial joint
Hinge joint:plaxion adn extension(elbow)
Plane joint:flat gliding movement:(carpals and metacarpasl)
saddle joint:(carpals and thumbs)
Condular:adduction and abduction:phalanges
pivot joint:rotation(neck)
ball and socket joints:multiaxial rotation(shoulder and hips)