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British Political System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1998: Devolved Fire Service
      - 2011: Legislation over Devolved Areas
      - 2014: Powers over Devolved Tax
      - 2018: Devolved Stamp Duty (Tax Paid by those Buying Properties)
    - - 1998: Devolved Powers over Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
      - 2012: Devolved Powers over Tax and Alcohol Consumption
      - 2016: Take One Half of all VAT income
    - - 1998: Devolved Power over Agriculture
      - 2017: Devolved Power over Corporation Tax
      - 2011: Devolved Air Passenger Duty
  - - - Infrastructure
      - Libraries
      - Emergency Services
      - Roads
      - Social Housing
      - Adoption
      - Litter
      - Green Spaces
    - - Mayor
        
        Directly elected. Runs Local Authority with Councillors
      - Councillors
        
        Run Local Authorities. Elected by local residents
      - Wards
        
        Neighbourhoods represented by a Councillor
      - Local Authority
        
        Councils. Make decisions on local area and services. Run by Councillors and Mayor
- - - - Rights
        
        Enter premises to preserve life or deal with crime and seize property when appropriate
        
        Stop anyone in a public place and ask about their actions
        
        Detain someone for up to 24 hours without a charge
        
        Arrest someone who is committing or is about to commit a criminal offence
        
        CONTROVERSIAL POINT: Stop and search anyone suspected of a crime
        
        Charge someone with a crime given sufficient evidence
      - Responsibilities
        
        Obey and uphold the law
        
        Be polite and respectful
        
        Act as witnesses in court
        
        Record offences brought to them
        
        Avoid discrimination
        
        Only use reasonable force as a last resort
        
        Inform a suspect of their rights when arrested
        
        Follow the code of practrice
    - - Rights
        
        To be advised about rights before interview, to inform someone of your situation, and to have breaks and food during the process
        
        To be given reason as to their arrest, and to not be interviewed until at a station
        
        To not be held in custody for more than 24 hours without charge, and to recieve a custody record on release
        
        To remain silent or refrain from answering questions
        
        To read and check any statements
        
        To be searched privately if clothing needs to be removed
        
        To have an appropriate adult if under 18 or with learning difficulties
      - Responsibilities
        
        Obey the law
        
        Not to obstruct the police
        
        Not to destroy evidence
        
        To cooperate with legal advisors
- - - - Buisness expanding
      - Low levels of unemployment
      - Easy loans
      - More jobs being created
      - More tax collected
      - Expansion of public services
      - Repayment of government debt
      - High value items purchased
    - - Banks failing
      - Government borrowing/printing money
      - Unemployment rising
      - Government cuts
      - People losing jobs
      - Business activity declines
      - Less tax collected
      - Increased saving
  - - - Bank of England lowers interest rates on loans, mortgages, etc...
        
        People repay less for borrowing due to lower interest rates, and saving becomes less popular again due to lower interest rates meaning that people get less back from a savings account, and therefore have extra money to spend
        
        The spend this extra money, moving more money into circulation and the economy, increasing inflation
    - - Bank of England raises interest rates on loans, mortgages, etc...
        
        People repay more when borrowing due to higher interest rates, and therefore are discouraged from borrowing and save more in savings accounts, again due to the interest rates being heightened and therefore making saving more valuable
        
        This helps to take money out of circulation and the economy, therefore lowering inflation
  - - - Tax paid by those with a steady income
      - Direct taxation
      - 25% of government revenue
    - - Paid by people who have jobs
      - Direct taxation
      - 17% of government revenue
    - - Tax added to goods bought by a customer
      - Indirect taxation
      - 17% of government revenue
    - - Tax paid on fuel, tobacco and alcohol
      - Indirect taxation
      - 8% of government revenue
    - - Businesses pay this on their profits
      - Indirect taxation
      - 6% of government revenue
    - - Businesses pay this on the value of their premises
      - Indirect taxation
      - 4% of government revenue
    - - Residents pay this on the value of their homes
      - Indirect taxation
      - 4% of government revenue
    - - Vehicle excise duty, tax on home purchase, inheritance tax and income from government activity, loans and investments
      - 18% of government revenue
- - - - The population votes for representatives
    - - One unelected individual has ultimate power
    - - A president is elected rather than a monarch
    - - King/Queen rules but power is shared and limited by the elected government
    - - State governed by a single party under Communism
  - - - Benefits: Can limit the overall power of an individual in power due to increased scrutiny and increased flexibility
      - Problems: Can result in tension and conflict due to overlap
  - - - Mainly ceremonial in our case, meets with the current P.M at least once a week and formally agrees laws passed in parliament
    - - Vote on new laws and challenges internal governmental work. Consists of 650 M.Ps who are voted for and representative of different constituencies around the country
    - - 20 ministers who are responsible for and run a different ministry/department, like defence, health or education
    - - The party with the most seats that are not in power currently, and scrutinise the party in power, as well as general governmental work
    - - Vote for representatives in government democratically
  - - - Work on individual aspects of society controlled by government, scrutinising decisions made on said aspects (e.g. Education, Healthcare, Transport, etc...
    - - Open discussions in government on recent and current issues, policies and legislation to keep a democratic aspect on decisions made by the executive
    - - Take place every Wednesday from 12.00 - 12.30 after preliminary proceedings or private business. Different governmental departments ask questions relating to their respective fields
  - - - Monarch travels to Westminster and Black Rod knocks three times. M.Ps then follow to hear the Monarch's speech
    - - Monarch delivers an agenda for the upcoming year to Parliament, then M.Ps leave to discuss this and reply to the Monarch on their speech. Monarch's speech is written and proofread by government
    - - The Chancellor of the Exchequer gives a speech on the current financial situation of the country, and the fiscal year ahead in their agenda. Government then replies and debates.
  - - - Mainly ceremonial
    - - Ministers
    - - Keeps order in the commons
    - - Second largest party in the house, have Shadow Ministers
    - - 'Encourages' MPs to vote in the best interests of their respective party