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alexis romero period 1 Skeletal Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
alexis romero period 1 Skeletal Concept Map
Names of all the bones
Pelvis – hip bones
Legs – thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna
Feet – tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
Skull – including the jaw bone
bone Disorders/diseases
Osteopenia refers to a decrease in bone mineral density below a normal level but not low enough for a doctor to classify it as osteoporosis
Paget’s disease is a condition that affects the bone remodeling process. This refers to the action by which the body breaks down old bone tissue and replaces it with new bone tissue.
Osteoporosis is a disease that results in a decrease in bone mass and mineral density.
Paget’s disease is a condition that affects the bone remodeling process. This refers to the action by which the body breaks down old bone tissue and replaces it with new bone tissue.
Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis or aseptic necrosis, occurs when there is a disruption to a bone’s blood flow, leading to bone tissue deathTrusted Source.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. This condition affects the body’s joints by degrading cartilage,
Osteomyelitis describes an infection or inflammationTrusted Source of the bone, with myelitis referring to inflammation of the fatty tissues within the bone.
Fibrous dysplasia occurs when abnormal fibrous tissue replaces healthy bone tissue. The unusual scar-like tissue makes the bone weaker
Bone cancer is an uncommon type of cancer that begins when cells in a bone start to grow out of control. Any of the cells in the bone can develop into cancer.
Osteomalacia, also known as bone softening, refers to a condition where the bone does not harden the way it should after forming.
Rickets is a childhood bone condition similar to osteomalacia, but it occurs due to imperfect mineralization.
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
Compact or dense tissue – the hard, smooth layer that protects the tissue within
Spongy or cancellous tissue – the porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones, which allows the bone to be strong yet lightweight
Periosteum – the dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone marrow – the jelly-like substance found inside the cavities of some bones
Types of bones
Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
Long bone – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs
Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Synovial joints
abduction (away) movement away from the mid-line of the body.
adduction (towards) movement toward the mid-line of the body.
synovial joints allow bones to slide past each other or to rotate around each other.
extension (open) straightening limbs at a joint.
flexion (close) bending the limbs at a joint.
rotation: a circular movement around a fixed point.
Differences between male and female skeleton
The general structure of the female pelvis is thinner and less dense, in comparison to the thick and heavy male pelvis
males tend to have larger, more robust bones and joint surfaces, and more bone development at muscle attachment sites.
Bone remodeling
ACTIVATION,
RESORPTION,
Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently become mineralized.
REVERSAL,
FORMATION
QUIESCENCE.
Joints
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements. Hinge joints. Hinge joints, such as in the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.
Joints are where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible
Bone fracture repair
the three main treatment option for bone fractures are Casting. Open reduction, and internal fixation- this involves surgery to repair the fracture-frequently, metal rods, screws or plates are used to repair the bone, and remain in place, under the skin, after the surgery.