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Lilibeth Ovalle P2 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Lilibeth Ovalle P2 Skeletal System
Bones
Axial
(Cranium, Ribs, Spine, Sacrum)
Cranium
- Skull
Zygoticmatic- Cheekbones
Mandible -Chin
Maxillae- Area under nose
Nasal- Nose bridge
Orbital- Eyesocket
Vomer- Bone in nose cavity
Frontal- Foreheaf
Vertebrae
- Spine
Thoracic vertebrae- Middle part of spine that contains 12 bones
Lumbar- Lower spine which contains 5 bones
Cervical
- Neck spine whcih contains 7 bones
Atlas- Bone connected to cranium
Axis- Under atlas
Ribs
Floating ribs
True ribs
False ribs
Ribs
False ribs- 3 pair of ribs not directly attached to sternum
True ribs 7 pair of ribs attached to sternum
Floating ribs- 2 pair of bottom ribs not attached to sternum
Appendicular
(Limbs, Hip)
Arm
Humerus-Upper arm bone
Radius- Forearm bone connected to the thumb side
Ulna- Forearm bone connected to pinky side
Leg
Femur- THigh bone
FIbula- Skinny bone next to the shin bone
Tibia- Shin bone
Shoulders
Scapula- SHoulder blade
Clavicle- Collar bone
Coxal
- Hip bone
Hands
Phalanges- Fingers
Metacarpals- Bone which connects fingers to wrist
Carpals- Wrist
Feet
Phalanges- Toes
Meta tarsals- Connects toes to ankle
Tarsals- Ankle
Calcaneus- Heel
Talus- One of the ankle bones
Types of Bones
Flat
: Sponge bone between layers of compact bone> EX: Skull and rub bones
Irregular
: Vary in size. EX: vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Short
- Cube shaped bones. EX: Carpal, Tarsals
Long bones
: Hard dense bones that provide strength. EX: Humerus and Femur
Anatomy of the long bone:
Epiphysis: Top shaft of the long bone. Contains spongy, porous bone
Medullary Cavity: Hollow cavity of the bone which contains bone marrow
Diaphysis: Longest portion of bone that grows as you age.
Yellow bone marrow: Contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells
Spongy bone: Located on the epiphysis and provides cell blood production
Compact bone: Outside of the bone on the diaphysis which provides support.
Epiphysis plate: Line of cartilage that lies between spongey bone and medullary cavity
Bone disease and disorders
Paget's disease: Disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue
Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone due to infection
Osteogenesis Imperfecta : Genetic disorder which causes brittle bone
Osteosarcoma: Bone cancer
Osteoarthritis: The wearing down of the protective tissue at the ends of bones
Difference between male and female pelvis
Male pelvis:
Curved coccyx
Stragither sacrum
Long and narrow coxal bones
Female pelvis:
Curved sacrum
WIde coxal bones
Straight coccyx
Bone Fracture repair
: Process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed
2) Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
:
Capillaries grow into hematoma
–Phagocytic cells clear debris
–Fibroblasts secrete collagen fibers to span break and connect broken ends
Fibroblasts, cartilage, and osteogenic cells begin reconstruction of bone
3) Bony callus formation
: Callus is converted to bony callus of spongy bone
1) Hematoma Formation
: forming mass of clotted blood called a hematoma
4) Bone remodeling
Excess material on diaphysis exterior and within medullary cavity is removed
Compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls
Bone remodeling
:
bone deposit
: New bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts
bone resorption:
Dig depressions or grooves as they break down matrix
Secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons (H+) that digest matrix
Acidity converts calcium salts to soluble forms
Joints
: Place where two bones meet and allows movements
Pivot joint
: a freely moveable joint (Neck)
Hinge join
t: allows movement in one plane
(Elbows and Knees)
Saddle Joints
: biaxial and movable joint that allows movements on two planes
(Thumb and metacarpal joint)
Condyloid Join
t: Allow for forward-backward and side to side movement
(Wrist)
Ball and socket:
a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone
(Hip and shoulder joints)
Gliding Joint
: Allows bones to glide over each other providing little movement in all directions
(Spine, Tarsals)
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
abduction: movement away from the mid-line of the body.
adduction: movement toward the mid-line of the body.
extension: straightening limbs at a joint.
flexion: bending the limbs at a joint.
rotation: a circular movement around a fixed point.