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Hernia Inguinalis, M.Satria Perdana Pardamean, FM1, FM2, FM3, FM4 - Coggle…
Hernia Inguinalis
Etiology of Lower Right Abdominal Pain
In some cases, abdominal pain can occur due to a lack of blood supply to the organ, such as in ischemic bowel disease.
If the cause is unknown, the doctor will usually perform a follow-up examination to find the source of the pain.
For example, if the cause of lower right abdominal pain is bloating, it will usually subside on its own over time. But to speed things up, you can try changing your diet and exercising more regularly.
Definition and Classification of Hernia
The word hernia means protrusion of a peritoneal pouch, an organ or preperitoneal fat through a congenital or acquired (acquired) defect. Hernias consist of rings, pouches, and hernia contents.
Classification
Hernia Femoralis
Hernia Umbilikalis
Hernia Paraumbilikus
Hernia Epigastrika
Hernia Ventralis
Hernia Lumbalis
Hernia Littre
Hernia Obturatoria
Hernia Perinealis
Hernia Spiegheli
Hernia Anatomy and Symptoms
Kanalis inguinalis adalah saluran yang berjalan oblik (miring) dengan panjang 4cm dan terletak 2-4cm diatas ligamentum inguinale.Terletak mulai dari SIAS sampai ke ramus superior tulang pubis.
a. Anterior: bounded by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and lateral 1/3 of the internal oblique muscle.
b. Posterior: formed by the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle which unites with the transversalis fascia and forms the posterior wall laterally
c. Superior: formed by the fibers of the lower border of the internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdomnis muscle and the aponeurosis.
d. Inferior: formed by the inguinal ligament and lacunar the upper end of the inguinal canal is the internal inguinal ring
• Heartburn, stomach acid disease (GERD), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), shortness of breath, vomiting blood, chest pain. Abdominal pain, blackish stools.
Penegakan Diagnosis
The diagnosis of an inguinal hernia can generally be established based on a clinical history, in the form of complaints of a lump in the groin, which can be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Complaints usually get worse if the patient stands for a long time, strains, or coughs.
Supporting investigation
•X-ray.
Ultrasound scan, which is an examination that uses sound waves to produce images of the chest and abdominal cavities and their contents.
• CT scan, which is an examination that allows to see directly the abdominal organs.
• An arterial blood gas test, which is done by drawing blood directly from an artery and testing for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity, or pH levels.
• MRI, which is used for more focused organ evaluation, especially in the fetus.
Governance
a. Principles of Operative Treatment
in Inguinal Hernia Before surgery on hernia patients, it must first correct the factors that aggravate the hernia (chronic cough, prostate obstruction, colon tumors, ascites13
b. Types of Surgery
in Inguinal Hernia all hernia repairs are to remove the peritoneal pouch (in indirect inguinal hernias) and to cover the defect in the fascia in the inguinal wall.Traditional repair is approximated by the original tissue using permanent sutures a.herniotomy Herniotomy b.hernioraphy c.hernioplasty
Complications
Complications of hernias depend on the conditions experienced by the contents of the hernia, the contents of the hernia can be retained in the hernia bag in the hernia reponibel. This can happen if the contents of the hernia are too large, for example consisting of the omentum, extraperitoneal organs. Here there are no clinical symptoms except in the form of a lump. The contents of the hernia can also be pinched by the hernia ring, resulting in an incarcerated hernia that causes simple symptoms of intestinal obstruction.
Patofisiologi
The inguinal canal is a normal canal in the fetus. In the 8th month of gestation, the descent of the testicle through the inguinal canal occurs. The testicular descent will pull the peritoneum to the scrotum area, causing a peritoneal protrusion called the processus vaginalis peritonea.
Education
Education for inguinal hernia patients is to explain the symptoms of a hernia, namely the presence of a lump in the groin that may come in and out on its own, and the danger signs of a hernia, such as severe inguinal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting. If these symptoms occur, the patient should seek help from a health facility.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for a groin bulge includes hernia, lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, metastatic neoplasm, hydrocele, epididymitis, testicular torsion, abscess, hematoma, femoral artery aneurysm, and/or undescended testicle.
M.Satria Perdana Pardamean
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