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Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Microscopic Anatomy of bone tissue
Volkmanns Canal- Any of the small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that communicate with the haversian canals.
Lamellae- A thin layer, membrane, or plate of tissue, especially in bone.
Osteon- Cylindrical vascular tunnels formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue.
Canaliculi- A small canal or duct or passageway in the body.
Periostuem- The membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones.
Movements by Synovial Joints
Open
Definition- Movement that increases the angle between two bones or two parts of the body.
Away
Definition- The motion of a limb or appendage away from the midline of the body.
Close
Definition- Closing a joint (decreasing the angle between two bones)
Towards
Definition- The motion of a limb or appendage away from the midline of the body.
Rotation
Definition- Movements made about the longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane.
Anatomy of Long bone
Compact Bone-dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells.
Spongy Bone- Characterized by its spongy, porous, honeycomb-like structure and is typically found at the ends of long bones
Yellow Marrow- Made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.
Medullary Cavity- The hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow.
Articular Cartilage-
Disorders/Diseases
Osteoporosis
Term- Porous bone
Definition- A bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both.
Bone Infections
Term- Osteomyelitis
Definition- Most often caused by bacteria. But it can also be caused by fungi or other germs.
Bone Cancer
Term- Bone sarcomas
Definition- When unusual cells grow out of control in your bone.
Osteonecrosis
Term- A condition in which there is a loss of blood flow to bone tissue, which causes the bone to die.
Definition- The death of bone cells due to decreased blood flow.
Arthritis
Term-
Arthropathy is the is term for any disease of your joints
Definition- Inflammation or swelling of one or more joints.
Types of bones
Irregular Bone
Ex- Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.
Definition- Vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category
Flat Bone
Ex- Skull and rib bones.
Definition- Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone.
Short Bones
Ex- Carpals and Tarsals
Definition- Shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone.
Long Bone
Ex- Tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges
Definition- A bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.
All the bones
Diaphysis
Term- The main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone.
Definition- The shaft or central part of a long bone.
Epiphysis
Definition- The end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.
Term- Expanded end of the long bones in animals
Apophysis
Term- A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.
Definition- A normal developmental outgrowth of a bone which arises from a separate ossification center, and fuses to the bone later in development
Metaphysis
Term- The part of a long bone that grows during development.
Definition-the wide portions of long bones and the regions of the bone where growth occurs.
Joints
Definition- A point where two bones make contact.
Ex- Shoulder and hip joints
Term- A structure that separates two or more adjacent elements of the skeletal system.
Male vs. Female skeleton
Male- Male skeletons tend to have larger, more robust bones and joint surfaces, and more bone development at muscle attachment sites.
Female- The female skeleton is less heavy and possesses a wider pelvic cavity, narrow shoulders, and a shorter rib cage.
Bone fracture repair
Definition- A proliferative physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture.
Term- Open reduction and internal fixation.
Bone remodeling
Definition- Involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently become mineralized.
Term- The biologic processes of osteoclasts removing (or “Chewing”) older, worn out pieces of bone, with osteoblasts synthesizing (Building) new bone to replace them.