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Skelatal system Sarah Rebolledo Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Skelatal system Sarah Rebolledo Period 5
Bone remodeling
resorbtion- Function of osteoclasts.
big depression/ grooves that break down matrix.
occurs at the surface
deposit- new bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts.
Bone fracture repair
Repair
open reduction
internal fixation
types of fractures
Disorders/diseases
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Paget's diesease
Differences between male and female skeleton
males
larger bone portions and more devlopment in stucture of the bone.
Females
Pelvis is less narrow and wider and the pubic angle is also less narrrow then the males, and the coccyx is more straight than curved.
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Joints- where 2 or more joints meet
Fibrous
m -3 types
Syndesmoses- short fibers-little to no movement, long fibers- lager amount of movement. bones connected by ligaments. connecting radius and ulna.
Gomphoses- peg-in-socket joints EX: teeth in alveolar sockets.
Sutures- immovable joints that join the skull together to protect the brain.
cartilaginous
synchondroses- plate/ bone of hylaine cartilage uniting bones.-immovable (manibrium of sternum w/ 1st rib)
symphyses- fibrocartalige unites the bone in the symphyses joint. slightly moveable. (intervertabral joints & pubic symphysis.
synovial- bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity- freely moveable.
types
bursae & tendon sheaths
Bursae- reduce friction when bones, muscles, skin, or tendons rub together
Tendon Sheaths- Elongated bursae which wraps completely around the tedons subjected to friction.
general structure ( 6 types)
Articular capsule- 2 layers thick- dense/irregular/ loose connective tissue that makes up the synovial fluid.
synovial fluid- lubricates and norishes the articular catilage. it is slippery plasma and hydrolic acid.
Joint cavity- small fluid filled possible space (unique)
nerves and blood vessels- supply filtrate for synovial fluid.
Articular cartilage- hyaline caryilage covering the ends of bones (prevents crushing of the bones)
Different reinforcing ligaments
intracapsular- deep in the capsule covered by synovial membrane.
capsular- Thick part of fibrous layer
Extracapsular- outside the capsule.
Additional stuff- Fatty pads and articular discs.
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
Osteocytes- Mature bone cells in the lacunae
bone-lining cells- maintains matrix and are flat bones on the surface
Osteoblasts- secretion & deposition
Osteoclasts- big multinucleate cells function in bone resorbtion
Osteogenic cells- Bone repair/ growth
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Bones
Short bones- wrist ankle cube-shaped formed within tendons.
Irregular bones- vertabrae & hip bones, complicated shapes.
Flat bones- sternum, ribs, scalpulae, and most skull bones. thin and flat.
Long bones- mainly limb bones ( appendicular)
