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Ancient Egypt ASPIRE categories - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Egypt ASPIRE categories
Ideas/inventions
Egyptian Math
7 Different symbols
1-9 = Stokes
10 = Hobbles
100 = Rope coil
1,000 = Lotus plant
10,000 = Finger
100,000 = Frog
1,000,000 = God
Highest number written in front
Read from top to bottom
Pyramids
Great Pyramid
Tomb of Pharaoh Khufu
One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Still standing today
Over 450 ft tall
Made of 2 million large blocks
Each weighs 3 tons
Likely built in 20 years
Originally encased in shiny stone
Pyramids of Giza
80 years to be built
20,000 to 30,000 workers
Not slaves, local residents and craftsmen
Lived near construction site
Hieroglyphics
Combination of sound-signs, pictograms, and ideograms
Pictograms represent pictures
Ideograms represent ideas
Sound signs represent sound
Politics
System of government
Built on rules and regulations.
Government revolved around the pharaoh
Believed to be a living god
Limitless power and control
Theocracy
Religion and government twisted together
Upper and lower Egypt united
3100 B.C, King Menes conquered lower Egypt
Both kingdoms become one
King of Upper and Lower Egypt
Wore a crown of white and red
Kingdoms represented by color
White = Upper Egypt
Red = Lower Egypt
Capital city of Memphis
Located in Upper and Lower Egypt
Built by
Prominent pharaohs
Cleopatra VII
Represented as Isis
Used beauty to her advantage
Aligned with Julius Caesar
Had an affair with Mark Antony
Akhenaten
Pushed people to a new religion
One god, Aten
Hatshepsut
Took control when her father died
Expanded trade relations and built temples
Mysteriously disappeared
King Khufu
Built the largest Pyramid
The great pyramid of Giza
King Tut
9-year-old pharaoh
Died at 18
Small tomb compared to other pharaohs
People had no time to build it
Ramses ll
"Ramses the Great"
More than 100 kids
Built temples and statues
Power for 70+ years
Economy
A day in the life of a farmer
Get ready to go to work
Deliver taxes for land usage first
Wheat and grains
Dropped off at a temple
Go to fields for work
Tend to crops and animals
Stop for lunch
Go home for dinner
Sleep after a long day
Trade
Bartering instead of currency
Barley was most common
Goods exported and imported from other countries
Imports
Mediterranean, Aegean, and Red Sea
Levant and Nubia had most important items
Exports
Rare minerals, wheat, barley, and papyrus sheets
Hatshepsut's Expedition
Red Sea
Ended up with luxurious items
Frankincense, trees, elephants’ tusks, ebony, gold, spices, and foreign animals
Agriculture
Main crops include wheat, barley, lettuce, beans, etc.
Many farmers grew flax
Used for linen cloth
Main economic activity
Crafts
Produced in small shops and sold
Types of wares
Decorative products: Linen textiles, pottery, bricks, glass, furniture, jewelry, perfume, rope, baskets, mats, pharaoh masks
Mineral products: Limestone, sandstone, granite, copper, gold, tin and gems.
Practical products: Writing materials, tools, weapons,
Typically unique to Egypt
Worked for wealthy people
Poorer people traded for art with wheat
Done for special occasions
Religion
The creation myth
Mound of Earth emerged from Nun
Had a lotus flower that turned into Ra
Ra created the other gods
The gods
Ra
Most important god
Many different forms
Osiris
God of the underworld
Once king of Egypt
Overthrown and killed by brother Seth
Brought back to life by Isis
Had a son, Horus
Cut corpse into pieces and scattered them
Symbol of life, death, resurrection
Associated with corn, color green, and regeneration
Horus
Associated with the sun
Pharaohs were reincarnations of him
Avenged Osiris after death
Challenged Seth and won
Eye was gouged out, then healed
Became a symbol of healing and good health
King of Egypt after Seth
Seth
God of chaos
Jealous of Osiris and overthrew him
Forced to live in the desert
Symbol of chaos
Not evil
Associated with destruction and natural diasters
Anubis
God of embalming and mummification
Represented as a jackal-headed man
Jackals often found in Egyptian burial grounds
Presides over mummification and the dead
The afterlife and weighing of the heart
Little fear of the gods
Great wonder instead
Only afraid of Ammut
Journey to the afterlife
Needed a light heart to enter
Earned by doing good deeds on Earth
Weighed by Annubis
Recorded by Throth
Eaten by Ammut if heavy
Bad deeds weighted heart down
Heavenly place where the dead lived
Mummification
Afterlife was a paradise similar to the Delta
Need to lead a good life and body to go
Ka depended on good body
Goal was to keep body intact and life-like
First step: wash body in antiseptic salt solution
Second step: remove internal organs and dry
Brains were not important
Heart was full of intellect and emotion instead
Stayed in the body
Removed with a hook through nose
Third step: fill body with sawdust for shape
Fourth step: cover in natron salt for drying
Body placed on sloping table to drain fluids
Fifth step: cover in spices and oils 40 days later
Sixth step: restore body if needed
Seventh step: Sew ears, nostrils, mouth, and eyes shut.
Other vital organs kept in jars
Priest would the read "the Book of the Dead" during mummification
Helped to guide the desceased soul
Social Structure
Society
Pyramid structured
Highest class
Viziers and Scribes
Viziers ensured tax collection
Scribes kept government records
Had the ability to read and write
Nobles
Held government posts
Paid tribute to pharaoh
Wealthy from god donations
Middle class
Soldiers
Fought wars
Supervised peasants involved with building
Craftsmen
Made important products
Sold by merchants
Lowest class
Farmers
Tended fields
Raised animals
Kept canals and reservoirs in order
Worked in stone quarries
Built royal monuments
Paid taxes with 60% of yearly harvest
Slaves
Prisoners of war
Worked on building projects
"Employed" by nobles and pharaoh
Possible to move up the social ladder
Difficult and unlikely
Day in the Life of a Woman
Morning
Preps breakfast
Leaves kids with babysitter
Goes to market for food
Lentils, chickpeas, lettuce, onion, garlic
Gets rid of bugs at home
Water, cleaning salts, charcoal, bebet plant powder
Does the laundry
Goes to river with the kids
Uses rocks to pound clothes
Dries clothes in the sun
Children collect reeds and straw for fire
Fills water pot and goes home
Afternoon
Puts laundry away
Has lunch with family
Asks kids to collect honey
Used as sweetener
Starts cooking dinner
Grinds wheat for bread flour
Adds water to make dough
Cuts into loaves and bakes
Crumbles dough into a vat for beer
Adds water and date juice for fermentation
Evening
Cooking is all finished
Family has soup for dinner
At 6:00pm, family goes to bed
Children and husband return
Area
The Nile River
Longest river in the world
4,000 miles long
Shaped like lotus flower
Fresh water
Transportation and trade
Grew papyrus
Used for paper
Floods often
Produces rich, fertile soil
Gift of the Nile
Irrigation and flooding
Canals poured water into the fields
20 liters of water = 1 square foot of land
Water was lifted from canals with a shaduf
Upper and Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
To the South
Close to Nubia
Deserts and mountains
No papyrus
Lower Egypt
To the North
Close to the Sea
Wet and fertile
Grew papyrus
People, language, and gods stay the same
Treated as separate countries