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Skeletal system Erika Castro-Dominguez period-1 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal system
Erika Castro-Dominguez
period-1
Microscopic anatomy
of bone tissue
Osteocytes- Bone cells
Lacunae- chambers where
osteocytes are located
Lamellae- concentric circles of
matrix where lacunae are found
Central (Haversian) canal- cylindrical tube
where the Lamellae can be found
Canaliculi- tiny canals that pass nutrients and gases
The bone tissue is mostly made of collagen and inorganic salts which strengthen the bone.
Osteons/Haversian systems- osteocytes and extracellular matrix layers
perforating/Volkmann’s canals- Central canals of adjacent osteons and help osteons share blood supply and nerves
spongy bone- made of osteocytes and
extracellular matrix
trabeculae- has osteocytes and
extracellular matrix
Types of bones
Long bone:
long with expanded ends
ex) humerus and femur
Short bone:
almost equal in length and width
ex) Carpal and Tarsal
Flat bone:
plate-like shape with broad surface
ex) skull
Irregular bone:
varied shape
ex) facial bones
Sesamoid/round bones:
small nodular bones that develop within a tendon
ex) patella
More on
the long
bone
Epiphyses- the ends of the long bone
and join with adjacent bones.
Articular cartilage/(hyaline cartilage)- covers the epiphyses
Diaphysis- shaft of the bone
Periosteum- A tough layer of dense connective tissue covering the bone
Medullary cavity- hollow chamber in the long bone
Endosteum-a thin layer of cells covering the medullary cavity
Bone marrow-connective
tissue in medullary cavity
Bony processes/projections- provide attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, openings or grooves for blood vessels and nerves, depressions for articulation
Compact bone- the wall of the diaphysis and made of tightly packed tissue
Spongy/cancellous bone- fills the epiphyses and makes the bone lighter as its not made of more heavy tissue.
Trabeculae-branching bony plates found in spongy bone
Bone growth, development, and healing
Develop
Endochondral bones- form from a hyaline cartilage model which ossificates (turns into hard bone)
Intramembranous bones- develop from sheet-like layers of
connective tissue
Stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts which are bone-forming cells that build spongy bone later on
osteocytes encase osteoblasts with matrix