UNIVERSE

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Before the Big Bang, the arbitrary quantum concept of "space" expanded, and with it all of matter also incredibly rapidly expanded from the size of an atom. The universe is still expanding, and the big bang is when it first started. -

Most galaxies have a supermassive black hole in their center

BIG BANG

The next smaller thing is... (ignoring clusters)

GALAXY

Galaxies have 3 shapes...

SPIRAL GALAXIES

Bar spiral galaxies are a subtype of spiral galaxies. Milky way is a bar spiral galaxy!

We don't know if there are other universes

ELLIPTICAL

IRREGULAR

Galaxies have these in them

Star Systems

Stars

Solar System

Black holes

Stars are giant spheres of fire made mostly out hydrogen, helium and lithium

Stars are formed from Nebulas

Nebulae

Nebulae are huge hot clouds of dust and gas

Almost all galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their center

Then, depending on the size of the star, the star can go one of two paths:

Large mass stars

Galaxies are HUGE! So, we use light years as units to measure distance. One light year is how far light can go in one year.

Low mass stars

Red giant

Red supergiant

Supernova!

After the supernova, either one of these is formed depending on the mass of the red supergiant

Neutron star

Planetary Nebula

White Dwarf

Black Dwarf (None exists yet)

Planets

Earth!

Our Sun

Space observation

Since our eyes aren't strong enough to see things thousands of kilometers away, we need specific tools

Telescopes

There are three types of telescopes:

Optic telescopes

Long-wavelength telescopes

These telescopes either detect infrared light or radio waves

Optic telescopes are either reflectors or refractors. They detect visible light and are the first type of telescopes to be made.

Short-wavelength telescopes

Satellites

Probes

All short-wavelength telescopes are on satellites or probes, but not all telescopes on sattelites or probes are short-wavelength

Short-wavelength telescopes detect X-rays, ultraviolet light and gamma rays.

Both satellites and probes can be used for space observation when mounted with a telescope

Constallations

Constallations are groups of bright stars that look like they are close in the night sky when observing from Earth. They form shapes and have names that usually don't actually resembe the shape, but instead have a huge greek epic detailing the backstory of the satellite.

Both probes, satellites as well as other things like rockets can cause space pollution. Space debree can damage probes and satellites and blocks the view of optic satellites trying to take photos of Earth.

Light Pollution

Light pollution is unnecessary light aimed towards the sky, which makes it difficults to make observations and can even confuse animals.