UNIVERSE
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Before the Big Bang, the arbitrary quantum concept of "space" expanded, and with it all of matter also incredibly rapidly expanded from the size of an atom. The universe is still expanding, and the big bang is when it first started. -
Most galaxies have a supermassive black hole in their center
BIG BANG
The next smaller thing is... (ignoring clusters)
GALAXY
Galaxies have 3 shapes...
SPIRAL GALAXIES
Bar spiral galaxies are a subtype of spiral galaxies. Milky way is a bar spiral galaxy!
We don't know if there are other universes
ELLIPTICAL
IRREGULAR
Galaxies have these in them
Star Systems
Stars
Solar System
Black holes
Stars are giant spheres of fire made mostly out hydrogen, helium and lithium
Stars are formed from Nebulas
Nebulae
Nebulae are huge hot clouds of dust and gas
Almost all galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their center
Then, depending on the size of the star, the star can go one of two paths:
Large mass stars
Galaxies are HUGE! So, we use light years as units to measure distance. One light year is how far light can go in one year.
Low mass stars
Red giant
Red supergiant
Supernova!
After the supernova, either one of these is formed depending on the mass of the red supergiant
Neutron star
Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf (None exists yet)
Planets
Earth!
Our Sun
Space observation
Since our eyes aren't strong enough to see things thousands of kilometers away, we need specific tools
Telescopes
There are three types of telescopes:
Optic telescopes
Long-wavelength telescopes
These telescopes either detect infrared light or radio waves
Optic telescopes are either reflectors or refractors. They detect visible light and are the first type of telescopes to be made.
Short-wavelength telescopes
Satellites
Probes
All short-wavelength telescopes are on satellites or probes, but not all telescopes on sattelites or probes are short-wavelength
Short-wavelength telescopes detect X-rays, ultraviolet light and gamma rays.
Both satellites and probes can be used for space observation when mounted with a telescope
Constallations
Constallations are groups of bright stars that look like they are close in the night sky when observing from Earth. They form shapes and have names that usually don't actually resembe the shape, but instead have a huge greek epic detailing the backstory of the satellite.
Both probes, satellites as well as other things like rockets can cause space pollution. Space debree can damage probes and satellites and blocks the view of optic satellites trying to take photos of Earth.
Light Pollution
Light pollution is unnecessary light aimed towards the sky, which makes it difficults to make observations and can even confuse animals.