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Movement - Coggle Diagram
Movement
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Anatomical position
Standing in an upright posture, feet parallel and close, palms forward. All joint angles are zero.
Terminology
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior
- Proximal
- Distal
- Lateral
- Medial
- Contralateral
- Ipsilateral
- Bilateral
- Deep
- Superficial
- Prone
- Supine
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Axes of Rotation
Mediolateral (ML)
Runs from left, out through right of body
Anteroposterior (AP)
Runs from back, out through front
Supra-inferior (SI)
Runs from top, out through bottom
End-feel
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Firm
- Muscular
- Capsular
- Ligamentous
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Muscle Force Generation
Isometric
- Force generation without muscle length changes
- Internal (muscle) torque = external (load) torque
Concentric (positive work)
- Force generated through muscle shortening
- Internal (muscle) torque > external (load) torque
Eccentric (negative work)
- Force generated through muscle lengthening
- Internal (muscle) torque < external (load) torque
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Kinematic Chain
Open kinematic chain (OKC)
- Occurs when the distal segment of the chain “moves freely without any external resistance”
Closed kinematic chain (CKC)
- Occurs when the distal segment “meets a ‘considerable external resistance’ that restrains free motion”.
Athrokinematic
- Movement of joint surfaces
- Accessory motions
Joints
- Synarthrodial,
- Amphiarthrodial
- Diarthrodial (synovial)
- Hinge, condyloid, ellipsoidal, saddle, pivot, and ball and socket.
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Conjunct Rotation
Rotation that occurs as a result of joint surface
shapes, not due to muscle contraction.
Osteokinematics
- Rotations around the joint axis
- Physiologic movements