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Oesophageal Cancer part 1 - Coggle Diagram
Oesophageal Cancer part 1
Embryology
development in week 3 of gestation
fully functioning and first swallow week 14
well established gestation in month 4
Anatomy
25cm, hollow muscular tube
food passes from pharynx to stomach
3 constrictions
3 parts: cervical, thoracic and abdominal
4 layers of the oesophageal wall: mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and outer layer
types of tumours: SCC, malignant melanoma, sarcoma, salivary gland like carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
aetiology of SCC: smoking (x5 risk), poor nutritional status, low fruit and veg intake, hot fluids, alcohol, age, race and gender (black males), hereditary factors and pre-existing conditions
gastro-oesophageal junction- if tumour is within 2cm of GE junction and extends into oesophagus it is classified by oesophagus sceme (also has extension). If tumour is in the stomach, greater than 2cm from the GE junction without extension it is classified and staed using gastric carcinoma
oesophageal tumour subtypes: adenocarcinoma, SCC and neuroendocrine carcinoma
Aetiology of adencarcinoma: barretts oesophagus, GERD, obesity, race and gender, smoking, age, diet and nutrition, hereditary factors, pre-existing conditions (hietal hernia)
signs and symptons
dysphagia
odynphagia
weight loss/poor apetite
heart burn, reflux
ongoing cough
vomiting
chest/abdominal pain
diagnosis and staging
CT
Family history
endoscopy
biopsy
endoscopy ultrasound
blood tests
bronchoscopy
barium swallow
staging and grading
TNM classification
metastatic spread
liver
bone
abdomen
lung