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Call me al - Coggle Diagram
Call me al
Cadences
There is use of imperfect cadences (I-V) and perfect cadence (V-I).
The harmonic rhythm is generally regular and quite rapid throughout, with mainly two or three chord changes per bar. On the words ‘bone digger’ and ‘beer belly’, where the backing harmonies are heard, there is just one tonic chord in the bar.
Imperfect cadence-- Chord progression at the end of a phrase, ending on chord V
Perfect cadence--Chord progression V-I at the end of a phrase, sounding final, like a full stop
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Melody
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The melody of the opening brass/sax riff consists of only three notes, and the two bar phrase is heard four times before the first verse. The first bar descends three notes, and the second bar moves down a semitone then back up.
Riffs-- A short, repetitive phrase in pop music or jazz that forms the basis for a song or it’s accompaniment.
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Penny whistle solo
The melody of the penny whistle solo is 16 bars long (1:45-2:15), with two musical ideas- one for the first eight bars and another for the next eight bars, both very repetitive.
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Bass solo
The other interesting feature is the bass run in 3:44-3:47. It is called palindromic because the second half contains the reversal of the notes of the first half.
Palindromic--Music or words that contain the same notes or letters whether read forwards or backwards.
Harmony
This song follows the same African tradition of using mainly primary Chords I, IV and V. In the verses (but not the intro or chorus), Simon uses some G minor chords which in Roman numerals is chord ii in F major. A small Roman numeral is used for a minor chord. The harmony is mostly consonant.
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Structure 
This song is in chorus and verse form, with the addition of an extended penny whistle solo.