FUTURE TIME CLAUSES AND CONDITIONALS
Clauses
Main Clause
Subordinate clause
We use future time clauses to talk about future possibilities, future plans or to give advice. We can normally use will, be going to, or the imperative in the main clause.
We normally use a present tense in the subordinate clause with words like if, when, as soon as, unless, as long as, provided, in case, etc. We can also use the same time clauses to talk about facts and things which are generally true. In these sentences we often use a present tense verb in the main clause.
Examples
When we go hiking next weekend, we'll try a new path.
If you see a bear, don’t run.
It won’t attack you provided you’re standing still.
Unless you know the way well, bring a map.
As soon as it gets too cold, we'll go home.
Always bring a snack in case you get hungry.
Tip
When if means whether, we normally need will or going to to refer to the future.
I don’t know if / whether I’II see any wild animals when I 'm on holiday. / NOT: ... if I see...
as soon as
As soon as shows that something will happen immediately after another thing
As soon as I get home, I'll email you.
Tip
We can use present perfect or present simple after words like as soon as or when to talk about completed processes in the future. There is little difference in meaning
We’ll leave when / as soon as I've finished my work. (Or: I finish ...)
if, unless, as long as, provided and in case
Unless
Unless means if not. The verb after unless is usually positive
You won’t see any animals unless you stay quiet. (You won't see any animals if you don’t stay quiet)
As long as
As long as and provided are similar to only if
We’ll be safe provided / as long as we stay here. (But only if we stay here).
You can go out tonight as long as you’re back by 10. (But only if you’re back by 10).
In case
We use in case to talk about preparations for possible future situations
Take your keys in case we’re out when you get home.