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Concept Map: 04: Skeletal Ashley Thompson - Coggle Diagram
Concept Map: 04: Skeletal
Ashley Thompson
Classification of Bones:
Long bones: long with expaned ends
Short bones:
Irregular bones: irregular in shape; vertebrae and facial bones
Flat: plate-like shape with broad surface; ribs and some skull bones.
sesamoid (round) bones: small, nodular bones that develop within a tendon; special type of short bone;
Cranium:
Butterfly part of bone in skull is called the sphenoid.
Inferior conchae is in the nasal cavity.
ethmoid bone makes up the orbital and nasal cavities.
Joints:
Opposition: connects the tip of the thumb to the tip of the finger.
Supination: turning hand so that the palm is facing forward.
Circumdation: movement of limb that rotates while the other end is stationary.
Skeletal bones:
Appendicular bones
: make up the upper limbs (arms, clavicle, and scapula), pelvic girdle, and lower limbs(legs)
Periatyle
: made up of the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
Of the
upper limb
: there is the radias(the lateral side of forearm), the ulna(the medial side of forearm), the humerus(upper arm), the scapula, and the clavicle.
Of the
lower limb:
there is the femur, the patella(kneecap), the tibia(shin), the fibula(out part of leg). The tibia sits on the talus and under neath that is the tarsals(ankle), metatarsals, and phalanges.
Of the
thoracic
part of the body: there is the ribs, the sternum, which also has the xiphoid proccess, the vertebrae and the cranium. The vertebrae has the cervical, thoracic, and the lumbar.
7 cervical vertebrae.
lower 5 ribs are false ribs
5 lumbar vertebrae
bones of the thoracic cage that articulate directly to the sternum and vertebrae
Bone structure:
Bone cells are called
ostecytes
. they are found within chamber of
lanucae
.
In compact bone, lacunae lie in concentric circles of matrix called lamellae
The
osteocytes
pass nutrients for the bone in passageways called canaliculi.
The
extracellular matrix
contains collagen and inorganic salts. The collagen provides strength and the inorganic salts makes the bone hard and resistance to being crushed.
Perforating canals
: help osteons share blood supply and nerves.
Spony bone: is made up of osteocytes and extracelluar matrix that are in trabeculae
Red bone marrow
:
found
in the skull, ribs, sternum,
clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis in adults.
Function
: forms red and white blood cells and also platelets. The color of the red marrow comes from oxygen which also carries its pigment from hemoglobin.
Parathyroid Hormone
: starts when calcium in the blood is low and the osteoblasts release calcium from the bone.
Osteoclasts
: break down calcified matrix
Osteoblasts
: deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage.
Medullary cavity
: found in the diaphysis of the bone. the compact bone on the outside is deposited. The cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow.
When osteoclasts reabsorb and osteblasts deposit throughout life, it is called
bone remodelling
.
Yellow bone
marrow
: stores fat and occupies most of the cavities in bones.