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Targeting Struggling Readers - Coggle Diagram
Targeting Struggling Readers
Phonemic Awareness
manipulation of oral sounds
beginning and ending sounds
middle sound
onset and rime
very important foundation for later phonics work
segmenting and blending
counting syllables
Fluency
so much more than WPM on a one minute oral fluency assessment
accuracy, expression, and prosody
Explicit fluency instruction is often missing in upper/middle grades.
Use texts that are meant to be read aloud to practice and teach fluency! (plays, poems, speeches)
Phonics
Alphabetic principle: Spoken sounds correspond to written letters and words.
builds on phonemic awareness
Students need lots of practice with letter patterns and syllable types to be able to quickly and automatically decode words when reading.
decoding = reading | encoding = spelling
Vocabulary
No more long lists! Focus on 1-2 words at a time to allow for in depth exploration and application practice.
Use the Frayer model to explore nuances of a word.
teach the ASL sign for a word to add depth to understanding and a kinesthetic way to practice and retain vocabulary
Comprehension
Students ultimately need to be able to understand and make meaning from the texts they read.
Putting it all together: If students are lacking skills in any of the other foundational areas of reading, they will struggle with comprehension.
Talk, talk, talk! Students can appear highly engaged in silent reading, but you won't know whether they are comprehending the text without discussion and feedback.
Modeling metacognition and other comprehension strategies during read aloud.
Build specific background knowledge and vocabulary for each new text.