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SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS, Preparing thin film materials at nanomateric…
SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS
TOP DOWN APPROACH
MECHANICAL ALLOYING
MECHANICAL MILLING
BOTTOM DOWN APPROACH
PHYSICAL METHOD
Physical Vapour Deposition
Sputtering
Atoms are ejected from target surface by impact of energitic ions.Thin film have hign density than those obtained by evaporation.
Capable of depositing high melting materials such as Refractory metals &ceramics .
Laser Ablation
Produce multicomponent nanocrystalline materials.Using Intense pulsed laser beam irradiates the target material.The ablated atoms tends to collide with helium gas and condense to form a fine nanocrystalline cluster.
Capable to produce nanoparticles of metals , metal oxide and metal carbides.
Evaporation
Atoms are removed from source by heating above its melting .
CHEMICAL METHOD
Chemical Vapour Deposition
Using one or more gaseous adsorption species react on hot surface to form stable solid particles.
Produce materials such as metallic ,ceramic ,semiconducting thin films.
capable of coating complex shaped components
Sol-Gel process
Producing metal oxide and ceramic powder with high purity and homogeneity.
Involves the generation of colloidal suspension (sol) converted to "viscous gel"and solid material
Four stages
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Growth of particles
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Used to synthesize glassy or ceramic material at low temperature
Co-Precipitation technique
It invovles the simultaneous occurence of nucleation,growth,coarsening and agglomeration.
Output
: Nanoparticles ,clusters ,rods
Steps involved in co-precipitation method
Anion solution
Nucleation &Growth
Precipitation
Filteration
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Cation solution
NANOLITHOGRAPHY
Classification
Ultraviolent Lithography
Nanoimprint Lithography
Scanning Probe Lithography
Electron Beam Lithography
It uses beam of electrons inorder to transfer the nanostructure build up a deivice in a layer by layer fashion .
X-Ray Lithography
It involves the patterning of transistors with smaller features
NANO>Dwarf,LITHOS>Rock or stone,GRAPHEIN>Write,"Tiny writing on Stone".Nanofabriaction of
semiconductor Integrated circuits
CONSOLIDATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Shockwave consolidation
Termed as
Dynamic consolidation
.It can produce density powdered materials without thermally activated microstructural and compositional changes
High
pressure
&
Rapid
loading
rates
creates high plastic deformation lead to high shock initiate chemical reaction .
Produce
metallic
&
Alloy
powders such as
Fe
,
Ni
&
Ti
Based Alloys and prefer for
densifiction
of
Amorphous
as well as
ultrafine
powders.
Spark Plasma sintering
It invovles the consolidation of
metals
,
cermets
,
carbon
nanotube reinforced ceramics ,
composites
.
Four stages
vacuum creation
Resistance heating
pressure application
Cooling down
Applied pressure,Pulse duration,pulse current,hold time,Ramp rate
parameters
Preparing thin film materials at nanomateric scale by vapour phase
Based on the source uesd
Nanofabrication(Nanopattering)
