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Aggression - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The MAOA gene is carried on the x chromosome, as Fs have two Xs, if they did possess the dysfunctional MAOA gene their functional MAOA gene from corresponding x chromosome would be dominant. Therefore, this questions the validity of the MAOA gene explanation in aggression as may only explain male aggression. – beta bias
- - - - Shackleford studied Intimate partner violence I.V in heterosexual couples. Males and Females in 207 married couples completed questionnaires. Males answered the Mate Retention Inventory (assessed MR behaviours) and females answered the Spouse Infuence Report (assessed partner's violence). Shackleford found a strong positive correlation between males reports of retention Strategies Shackleford found a strong, post hackeford believed retention behaviour reliably.
        
        This research supports the evolutionary explination that grgressive males use mate retention strategies but it is not conclusive tat the strategies are an avolved haviour. The bhaviour may have been learned rather than innate. Domestic violence has become less cosmically acceptable than 100 years ago, this demonstrates the effect of culture and learning. Individuals demonstrating strategies may have learned them from role models and slt could be a valid explination, difficult to separate the effect of nature and nurture.
      - A strength of evolutionary explanations is that there is research support for the link between aggression and status. Daly and Wilson found that many tribal societies bestow increased status and honour to men who have committed murder. This phenomenon is also evident in Western societies such as the US, where the most violent gang members often have the highest status among their peers (Campbell). This supports evolutionary explanations of aggressions as it suggests that not only is aggression an important way of gaining status among males, but it is also a consequence of threats to that status.
      - Gender differences in aggression may be better explained by socialisation. Researchers argue that differences in the aggressive behaviour of males and females may also be the product of different socialisation experiences. For example, Smetana found that parents are more likely to physically punish boys for bad conduct, whereas when girls misbehave, parents tend to explain to them why their actions were wrong. This, suggests researchers, could increase male physical violence. Girls may learn to adopt other more social forms of aggression (harming another's self-esteem) rather than physical. Therefore, this casts doubts on the claim that males alone have evolved aggression as a way of dealing with rivals, as females have simply developed a different form of aggressive behaviour.
      - Evolutionary explanations have been criticised for being difficult to test empirically, and therefore being unscientific. Explanations are based on understanding behaviour that came thousands of years ago, an understanding that is based on assumption rather than sound evidence. Additionally, evolutionary explanations are correlational, so only ever indicates a relationship between aggression and sexual jealousy, but it does not establish a cause; we cannot say for definite that sexual jealousy is the cause of male aggression. Furthermore, aggression is a complex behaviour that has many triggers and factors, and individuals vary considerably not only in their levels of aperession but also how they respond to it. Therefore, evolutionary explanations appear far too simplistic for such a complex behaviour.