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CBT, Therapy, BECK vs. ELLIS, Paper Thoughts, PAPER OUTLINE - Coggle…
CBT
Theory
Idea that modifying dysfunctional thinking and behaviour improves symptoms. This modifies the beliefs that are found under thinking and behaviour and results in a longer lasting change.
occur from negative automatic thoughts about who we are, how we feel about others, and thoughts about the future.
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Combination of Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions
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REBT
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) philosophies that are found in the process and guiding for therapy. Ellis Identified 3 kinds of
Unconditional Other-Acceptance (UOA): Accepting others as they are, without preconditions.
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Unconditional Life-Acceptance (ULA): Acceptance of your life and ongoing existence regardless of whether you get what you want.
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REBT ABCDEF MODEL
We are capable to think rationally, but often we think in irrational ways. the main purpose REBT is to identify irrational beliefs and substitue them with a rational belief. In turn, you end up with 'new feelings. Ellis's approach was very confrontational and when a client was in the D situation and bluntly say that they are wrong. This is not always the norm and other therapists are not comfy with this approach. Ellis would ask contradicting logical questions.
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D: DISPUTATION: Arguing, accusation. Therapist job to point out the irrational thinking that has occurred and ask rational questions that prove they are being irrational.
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Things To Consider
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Is CBT failing to show the efficacy for its therapy? If so, there might be a focus being put on acceptance-based strategies and in the 'language of cognition'.
Based on learning theory, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive appraisal theory
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CONS ABOUT CBT
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CBT does not encourage you to face your negative thoughts, rather it suggests that feelings are false alarms that need to have the snooze button used.
Negative feelings are not always false alarms and often require action and need to be faced head on.
An individual's needs could be met during therapy, but the environment that might have an adverse effect is not addressed.
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Therapy
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AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS
GUESSING THE THOUGHT
When the client is having difficulty exploring thoughts and you can instead focus on concrete triggers that will allow for you to ask the question later to see if you can take a guess.
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Keep asking, "if this were true, why is this so upsetting to me?" The objective is getting down to the root of the problem.
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Case Conceptualizaiton: Helps with:
- Creating a problem list
- Find the mechanisms that are causing disorders and problems
- Identify precipitants that are causing hte problem
- Consider the origins of the clients current problems.
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PSCYCHOEDUCATION: Focus on information about client diagnosis, treatment process, prognosis, and intervention strategies.
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BECK vs. ELLIS
Collaboration, not confrontation. clients work with therapist and seeks a socratic (questioning of another to elicit a clear expression of a truth supposed to be knowable by all rational beings) approach to questioning.
This is an important note because it shifts the thought from helping with one problem, to developing thought and present 'worst case scenarios' for the client. this is similar to the restitution approach that allows for kids to realize that it could have been a lot worse, but that there is still a concern for us to focus on.
Ellis theory presented that you could identify a client's "MUSTS" fairly easily. according to Dr. Stephanie Davidson's website (https://www.rowancenterla.com/new-blog/2015-6-3-musterbation-the-danger-in-shoulding-all-over-the-place) The term musterbation looks at how you can combat should statemens:
ELLIS"S PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
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Ask yourself whether this should statement can be an absolute truth.
For example, if you look at the statement “I shouldn’t eat ice cream” you want to think about whether that needs to be true 100% of the time. The statement suggests yes; but, what would it be like if you changed that to “I will save ice cream for special occasions.” In this case, you have given up the absolute statement for one that is more likely to be followed and does not draw a harsh criticism from you when, once in a while, you enjoy your favorite treat.
Ask yourself if you would tell your best friend the same thing.
You may find that when you look at these absolute statements you as if your friend was saying them about themselves you will find that your harsh judgment disappear and you give them a break that you may not give to yourself. For example, if your friend suggested that a “good friend always calls on your birthday,” your might remind your friend of all of the times that you forgot to call someone you love and how that didn’t really indicate anything about how you felt but more about your overall level of stress and distraction. So why not give yourself the same break? You might change the statement to “A good friend eventually calls to wish you a happy birthday.” This statement leaves some room for a friend to make a mistake and leaves you feeling less resentful, hurt and angry when you get the phone call in the day or two after your birthday.
Look at the facts and only the facts.
It can be difficult to see the facts of a situation when your thoughts are being filtered through difficult emotions. Writing down your thoughts and then focusing on only the facts can be a great tool. Think about the statement, “My spouse never does anything.” The “should” statement that is implied is that your spouse should help more. Looking at the facts is likely to reveal that you are feeling overwhelmed and frustrated. Therefore, you are filtering everything your spouse is doing (or not doing) through those feelings. It is likely that your spouse does have things s/he takes care of. You may discover that you have more on your plate then can be done in a given week or you are feeling stressed due to a new task that you need to complete. Taking the time to discover this information can help you have a conversation and could ask for more help with particular tasks. You and your spouse could also decide that something on your list can wait until this temporary stressor is over. It could also be that the two of you need to renegotiate your task list. In this example, the facts can help you to have a more productive conversation and get the help that you need. This is a much better option than stomping around the house feeling upset, angry and alone.
Phrase the statement as a wish or desire.
For example, if you thought about the statement “I should be more successful” as if your friend was saying it about themselves it is likely that you would jump in and note their successes and all the ways that they are moving forward in their life. You can identify the desire for something different but without the harsh criticism that we often deliver to ourselves. You might help them change that statement to, “I want a promotion” or “I would like a new job that pays more.” Changing the statement shows you what to go after and allows room for change instead of creating the desire to avoid and procrastinate because of harsh statements.
Identifying and challenging should statements can make a big difference in how you feel. “Shoulding” often leaves you feeling less confident, sad and anxious. By focusing time on changing these thoughts, you can free up the energy and time you need to begin to make changes under a lot less pressure. If you find that you continue to struggle with musterbation, a trained cognitive-behavioral therapist can be a great resource for teaching you to change this pattern of thinking.
BECK'S PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Beck believed that automatic thoughts were the combination of external/internal events and assumptions/misconceptions. There are several different types of "distorted thinking" styles. #
Beck thought that if a client had depressive conditions that this usually consisted of "the negative triad"
- negative evaluation of self: "i am not worthy"
- negavtive evaluation of the world or specific events: "Everything is just more evidence that he world is falling apart"
- Negative evaluation of the future: "Nothing will ever get better"
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Paper Thoughts
Personal thoughts
Socratic questions and how we use them in CBT or just changing mindset. Is this a tool that can be essential and is missing from teachers toolboxes?
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Questions
In therapy, how does incentives increase self-efficacy? Does it have long-term effects that are beneficial or does it teach others to wait for the reward because you know it's coming. Does the short-term gain turn into long-term benefits or does it mask the opportunity for one to have an internalized belief in self.
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PAPER OUTLINE
What parts am I familiar with?
Where is it going?
What do I see me struggling iwth?
How does my own culture and beliefs effect my practice?
Does my belief in spirituality beings and that having a belief is good for your well being make me more diversifited for helping others with spirituality and different beliefs?
exposure therapy and CBT. Do we do this at my school? ie. Schedules, classroom pairings, drop off points...etc.
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