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Anti-Natal Policy - China - Coggle Diagram
Anti-Natal Policy - China
What: China had to introduce policies to discourage people to have children due to the increasing population.
Where: A country in East Asia, with the world's largest population of 1.4 billion people.
Why Was It Needed:
Represents 20% of the world's population.
Overpopulation strained the country's food supply and natural and economic resources following its industrialisation in the 1950s.
Overpopulation due to:
Social/Cultural desire to have a son.
Economical bonus - Children could work in the field.
High infant mortality rate - Poor medical infrastructure.
Fertility rate of 6.38 births per woman in 1965.
Politicians launched the One Family One child Policy in 1979.
Implementation:
5-10% salary bonus on having a maximum of one child.
Free education and health care for children who are the only child in a family.
Free contraception.
Preferential employment for families with one child.
Preferential housing for families with one child.
Results:
Successful based on numbers - Growth rate reduced and fertility rate was 1.68 births per woman in 2017.
Better education and skilled workforce.
Unsuccessful morally - Coercive policy - Negative impacts on society.
Gender skew - Roughly 3-4% more males than females.
Labour shortage - Trouble supporting this ageing population through its state services.
Proliferation of undocumented, non-first-born children - Cannot register for passport - Impossible to leave China legally - No access to public education.
Policy ended in 2015.
Too many Chinese were heading into retirement.
Could not provide for the older population's retirement, healthcare, and continued economic growth.