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Skeletal System Isabella Sandoval period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Isabella Sandoval
period 5
Names of all the bones (anatomy term and common term/definition)
Metatarsal- being part of the human foot or of the hind foot in quadrupeds between the tarsus
a group of five long bones in the foot
Tarsal- any of several short, angular bones that in humans make up the ankle and that, in animals that walk on their toes
the ankle bone, talus or astragalus
Tibia- inner and larger of the two bones of the lower leg in vertebrates
shin
Cranial- toward the head end of the body, upper
skull
Nasal- The midline point just superior to the nasal root overlying the naso-frontal suture
nose
Zygomatic- pair of diamond-shaped bones that protrude laterally and form the prominence of the cheeks
cheek bones
Mandible-It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla
lower jaw or jawbone
Maxillary- provides part or all of the bony structure of the eye sockets, the nasal passage, the hard palate, the left and right maxillary sinuses, and the upper tooth socket
upper lip
Cervical- comprised of seven vertebral bodies that make up the upper most part of the spine
neck
Sternum- partially T-shaped vertical bone that forms the anterior portion of the chest wall centrally
chest
Scapula-large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back
shoulder, shoulder blade
Humerus- largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium
upper arm
Ulna and radius- long bones that make up the forearm, extending from the elbow to the wrist
lower arm
Pelvic- connectthe trunk and the legs, supports and balances the trunk, and contains and supports the intestines, the urinary bladder, and the internal sex organ
hips
Thoracic- The area of the body between the neck and the abdomen
spinal
Types of bones
Long Bones- limb bones that are longer than they are wide
Humerus
Short Bones- cube shaped bones that are located in the wrist and ankle. Vary in size and number in different individuals
Wrist bones
Flat Bones- thin, flat, slightly curved
Sternum
Irregular Bones- complicated shapes, revolve around hip bones
Coxal Bone
Anatomy of the long bone
Diaphysis- tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
Epiphyses- the end of the long bone consisting compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
Epiphyseal line- between diaphysis and epiphyses remnant of childhood epiphyseal plate where bone growth happens
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
Osteogenic cells- stem cells located in the bone that play a prodigal role in bone repair and growth
Osteoblasts- cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.
Osteocytes- former osteoblasts that become surrounded by unmineralized matrix (osteoid) during bone formation
Bone-lining cells- quiescent flat-shaped osteoblasts that cover the bone surfaces,
Osteoclasts-cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity
Compact Bone-bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces
Osteon- cylindrical vascular tunnels formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue
Canals- tubular passage which connects different regions of the body.
Canaliculi- a small passageway
Bone canaliculus, a small channel found in ossified bone for nutrition for example in the Haversian canal
Bone Remodeling
Ossification- process involving the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone
Endochondral ossification- process involves the replacement o
Intramembranous osification- one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.
forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and some of cranial bones
Bone Fracture repair
Bone remodeling- lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed
Hermatoma formation- clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space
Bony callus formation- The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of bone fractures during normal healing
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- a temporary formation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts which form at the area of a bone fracture as the bone heals itself
Joints
Structural
a structure that seperates two or more adjacent elements of the skeletal system
EX: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Functional
based on the degree of movement found at each joint
EX: plane joint, ball and socket joint, hinge joint
Fibrous joints
a type of joint where the bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in collagen
EX; cranial sutures between bones and skull
Cartilaginous Joints
type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
EX: symphysis pubis between the right and left pubic bones
Synovial Joints
the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs
EX: hinge, saddle, planar, pivot
Movement Allowed by Synovial Joints
Rotation
rotating a joint towards the midline and external rotation is rotating a joint away from the midline.
elbow at 90 degrees of flexion
Angular Movements
produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes.
Flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) of the elbow
Gliding
occur as relatively flat bone surfaces move past each other
moving your hand back and forth
Differences between male and female skeleton
The male pelvis is narrower and less flares, an oval or heart-shaped pelvic inlet
The female pelvis have a more open and circular shaped
Disorders/diseases
Osteomalacia- softening of the bones. It often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium
Rickets- disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.
Osteoporosis- A condition in which bones become weak and brittle
Paget's diseases-A disease that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.