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Natalie Esquivel Skeletal system Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Natalie Esquivel Skeletal system Period 2
Names of all the bones
Skull – including the jaw bone
Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna
Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
Pelvis – hip bones
Legs – thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
Feet – tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
types of bones
LING BONE – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps). With the help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement.
SHORT BONE – has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
FLAT BONE – has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
IRREGULAR BONE – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Anatomy of long bone - diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum.
bone tissue
Periosteum – the dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves
Compact or dense tissue – the hard, smooth layer that protects the tissue within
Spongy or cancellous tissue – the porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones, which allows the bone to be strong yet lightweight
Bone marrow – the jelly-like substance found inside the cavities of some bones (including the pelvis) that produces blood cells.
BONE MODELING involves removal of bone by osteoclasts followed by formation of matrix through osteoblasts
BONE FRACTURE REPAIR - casting, open reduction, and internal fixation
joints
ball and socket joints - shoulder and hip
hinge joints - fingers, knees, elbows and toes
pivot joints - neck and head
movements allowed by synovial joints - abduction (away), adduction (towards), extension (open), flexion (close), and rotation.
male and female skeleton - males tend to have larger, more robust bones and joint surfaces, and more bone development at muscle attachment sites, the pelvis is the best sex-related skeletal indicator, because of distinct features adapted for child birth