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Concept Map; 04 skeletal - Luna Ruiz, Bone remodeling is a lifelong…
Concept Map; 04 skeletal - Luna Ruiz
BONES
Cranium: bone in the head that protects the brain. (skull)
Mandible: the lower jaw bone. (jaw)
Clavicle: collar bone linking the scapula and the sternum (collar bone)
Sternum: flat bone connecting the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs.
Humerus: bone from the shoulder to the elbow
(arm)
Ribs: curved arches of bone from the spine to the sternum
Vertebrae: bony segments of the spinal column (neck)
Pelvis: the hip bones. (hip)
Radius: bone of the lower arm.(lower arm)
Ulna: the inner and longer of the two bones of the forearm.
Carpals: wrist bones.(wrist)
Metacarpals: bones of the hand between the wrist and each finger.
Phalanges: bones of the fingers (fingers)
Femur: bone of the upper leg (thighs)
Patella: small flat triangular bone in front of the knee
(knee)
Tibia: the inner and thicker of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle. (lower leg)
Fibula: the outer of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle
Tarsal: the ankle bone (ankle)
Metatarsal: bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes
Phalanges: bones of the toes (toes)
Types of bones
LONG BONE- A bone with a shaft, 2 ends & is longer than wide (ex- tibia, fibula,femur, metatarsals, and phalanges)
SHORT BONE- Short roughly shaped as a cube; containing mostly spongy bone (ex- carpals, tarsals, patella,)
FLAT BONE- Made up of a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone (ex- skull, ribs, pelvis)
IRREGULAR BONE- Vary in shaped, structure; therefor do not fit in any category (ex- vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, zygomatic, mandible, etc)
Anatomy; Long Bone
The LONG BONE; bone with shaft and two ends and is longer than wide; Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity with bone marrow; end of long bone have spongy bone and epiphyseal line
Microscopic ANA. bone tissue
The basic microscopic unit of bone tissue; called osteon (haversian) system;
Each osteon is composed of of concentric rings with a calcified mixture called lamellae (single= lamellae)
Between rings of matrix ; bone cells called Osteocytes ( located in spaces called; Lacunae
Bone Fracture Repair
Four stages of bone fracture repair
1) Formation of hematoma at break (hematoma; mostly clotted blood formed in organ, tissue, or body space due to surgery/injury)
2) Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
(temporary formation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts; forms at the area of a bone fracture as the bone attempts to heal itself)
3) the formation of a bony callus
(bony callus; develops 2-6 weeks after injury; callus becomes bone; hardens and strengthens over time
4) Remodeling and addition of compact bone ( Compact bone is added to create bone tissue that is similar to the original; unbroken bone)
Joints
There is 6 types of joints
Ball and Socket;
A joint in which the rounded surface of a bone within depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint
(Ex; shoulder/wrists)
Saddle
trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of your thumb. It connects the trapezium and the metacarpal bone of your thumb.
(ex; thumb,heel, thorax)
Hinge
A type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane:hinge joint is made up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid
(ex; hand, foot, ankle)
Condyloid
composed of an egg-shaped bone known as a condyle that fits into a similarly shaped cavity; allow for forward-backward and side to side movement and do not allow rotation.
(ex; wrists, hands, fingers)
Pivot
freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis:moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining ligament
(ex;neck, allows head to rotate)
Gliding
type of structure in the body formed between two bones in which the articular, or free, surfaces of the bones are flat or nearly flat, enabling the bones to slide over each other.
(ex; intermetacarpal joints , acromioclavicular joint )
Synovial Joints; movements
Synovial joints allow bones to slide past each other or to rotate around each other.
Movements;
abduction (away), adduction (towards), extension (open), flexion (close), and rotation
female;male;pelvis differences
The general structure of the female pelvis is thinner and less dense, in comparison to the thick and heavy male pelvis, which is designed to support a heavier body build
Disorders/ Dieseases
Paget's dieases;A disease that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue
Osteogenesis imperfecta; A group of inherited disorders characterized by fragile bones that break easily
Osteoarthritis.;A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down
Osteoporosis; a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both
Osteomyelitis:Inflammation of bone caused by infection, generally in the legs, arm, or spine
Bone remodeling is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed.
Bone Remodeling
Also control the reshaping or replacement of bone following injuries like fractures but also micro-damage, which occurs during normal activity.
The four stages of bone remodeling; Activation, Resorption, Reversal, Formation, and Quiescence; the process tends to take 4-8 months
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