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Ireland and Northern Ireland L1 course - Coggle Diagram
Ireland and Northern Ireland L1 course
Britain Today Northern Irland
two speparate entites >
North East (Scotland and Wales, part of the United Kingdom)
the republic of Ireland
causes of partition
England conquered Ireland in 16th century
(english and Scots (protestants) especially in north east)
end
17th century
> PROTESTANTS DOMINATED (protestants ascendancy)
protestants = rich and powerful but minority (ireland remained catholic) > tensions catholic rebellions
1641 and 1798
england encouraged to bring Ireland into the Union
"great britain" =
England ans Scotland 1707
acts of union 1800
rebellions continued
Late 19th century :
Home Rule movement
home rule party 1870
resisted by most british governments
2nd HR bill 1893, 3 HR bill 1914 (intro 1912) > suspenden bc WW1
movement that campaigned for self-government (or "home rule") for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was the dominant political movement of Irish nationalism from 1870 to the end of World War I.
William Gladstone
> Prime Minister four times , leader of the party
too much for conservative, not enough for nationalists
political movement for the unity and independence of Ireland under a republic.
National Army, Irish free state in defence of the institutions established by the Anglo-Irish Treaty
Irish republican Brotherhood >
easter Rising 2016
declaration of Irish republic
armed insurrection in Ireland launched by Irish republicans
crushed by british governement; main leader executed
British Governement policy increased support for Irish rebels
1918 British general election : Sinn Fei won majority of Irish seats
Sinn Fein refused to sit at Wesminster
Sinn Fein declare Irish independence in January 1919
start of anglo-irish War/Irish war of independence (1919-21)
truce (treve ) July 1921
treaty signed 1921
creation of "irish free state" (december 1922)
self-governing "dominion" within British Empire
concerned 26 of Ireland's 32 counties
6 counties of Ulster given right to opt out of free state / remain in UK ( led to Iris civil war
(2)
)
IRA v. British Government ; sectarian nature of violence
...
Irish cicil war
(2)
June 1922-May 1923
between Irish who were pro- and anti- treaty
supporters of free state vs. IRA
Won by free state forces, supported by british government
consequences
divided ireland
Irish free state (Ireland / Eire 1937 onwards)
Northern Ireland (NI ) : still part of the UK
relative calm in NI until late 60s
catholic minority disadvantaged/ discriminated against in NI
NI governemnt dominated by protestants
Many catholics (in NI and Ireland) wanted a united Ireland
Northern Ireland Civil Rights association (NICRA)
1967
Civil rights in US and Fr, inequalities between Catholics and protestants
Civil rights march 5 oct 1968 : sart of
THE TROUBLES
royal Ulster Constablury (RUC) the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001
mainly protestants
violent reaction
Despite efforts Devlin etc. sectarian nature of problem
catholic, nationalists, republican
protestants, loyalists, unionists
paramilitary groups (IRA-UVF, UDA..)
start of 30 yrs of violence (3000 dead)
British troops in NI from 1969
Bloody sunday
30 january 1972
"armed struggle against british occupation"
IRA campaign on British mainland (Brighton, October 1984)
Long, difficult negotiations : paramilitary ceasfire 1994, renewed 1997
problem solved in 1998 "good friday agreement"
new labour elected 1 may 1997 - blair
2005 IRA decommissioning
peace appeared solid =
McGuiness and Queen meet in 2012
but : Brexit : referendum 23 june 2016