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United Nations Organization (UNO) BASIC FACTS by Atrishekhar - Coggle…
United Nations Organization (UNO) BASIC FACTS by Atrishekhar
An intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation
New York----Headquarter
At its founding, the UN had 51 member states committed to maintain international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights; now there are 193.
Official Languages ----Arabic, English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian
Members 193 (Latest Member South Sudan)
Emblem Map of world b/w 2 olive branches (In white n Blue color)
The UNO has 4 main purposes
To keep peace throughout the world;
To develop friendly relations among nations;
To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.
background
In 1899, the International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare.
It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902. This court was the forerunner of UN International Court of Justice.
The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in circumstances of the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles
The UN Charter of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, as an inter-governmental organization.
The main organs of the UN are
the General Assembly,
Major work area of General Assembly consists of:
Election of members to other UN organs
Admission, suspension, and expulsion of member states
Budgetary matters by majority of votes i.e. 2/3rd of the members present & voting
(New York)
the Security Council,
5 permanent members (Veto power) + 10 Non-permanent for 2 years
The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate
The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis
The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month.
(Policemen of the world) (New York)
t
he Economic and Social Council,
ECOSOC
Assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development
Has 54 members, which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term
The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC
bodies within the purview of the ECOSOC:
International labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Bank Group
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
World Tourism Organization (WTO)
the Trusteeship Council
,
the International Court of Justice,
Composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms; appointed by the General Assembly;
Every sitting judge must be from a different nation
Hear cases related to war crimes, illegal state interference, ethnic cleansing, and other issues
ICJ’s primary purpose is to adjudicate disputes among states
the
UN
Secretariat.
Headed by Secretary-General who acts as the de factospokesperson and leader of the UN
Secretary-General is appointed by General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council
Carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.