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Movement in Geography - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Example - According to the Indian government, there are 20 million undocumented immigrants, most coming from people attempting to seek refuge
    - - Example - Currently, the US has the most immigrants from any other country in the world, which as of April 2022, make up for 15% of it's population
  - - - Asylum - A countries protection and shelter for refugees
        
        Example - Currently, Turkey hosts the most Refugees in the world, due to conflicts in the middle east such as the Syrian civil wars
      - Ukraine (Example of Refugee & IDP) - Due to the Russo-Ukrainian war, many have been internally displaced or forced to seek refuge in countries such as the UK, or neighboring countries like Poland
  - - - Example - Skilled workers in India or Pakistan may leave due to the much higher pay in places such as the EU or US
- - - - Sustainable Cities - A city that uses fully green energy and has a zero carbon footprint
        
        Examples - *Although no major city in the world right now is fully sustainable, Copenhagen, Vancouver, and San Francisco are all trying too
      - Infrastructure - Public facilities for cities or regions which are needed for societies
        
        Examples - Roads, Hospitals and Power Plants are just a few examples of infrastructure
      - Gentrification - When a poor area of a city is renovated and gets improved infrastructure, often displacing the people living there
        
        Redlining - A practice used by urban designers to mark areas in which it might be harder to get loans or have access to certain infrastructure
        
        Example - The most common practice of redlining would be by denying credit and insurance
        
        Vancouver - A city in British Columbia which experienced gentrification
        
        Example - Vancouver is an example of a city that experienced gentrification, mainly in Downtown Eastside and Chinatown. These areas were originally near the city center, and as new buildings were built outside the center, the inner parts were forgotten about. These parts were later renovated and the infrastructure was improved, making the cost of living sky rocket and displace the people already struggling
      - Carrying Capacity - The amount of people a city can sustain through it's infrastructure
        
        Example - A city with little water infrastructure but lots of buildings would still have a low Carrying Capacity due to the lack of water infrastructure
      - Population Density - A measure of how many people are within a certain area
        
        Favela - A slum off of Rio de Janeiro, that has no urban planning and acts autonomous from the rest of the city
        
        Example - Favela is an example of a place where there isn't any urban planning, and has a high population density
        
        Mega City - A city with a population over 10 million
        
        Examples - New York City, Delhi, and London are all examples of mega cities
        
        Primate City - A city that's population is twice the size of the next largest city
        
        Examples - Paris, Mexico City, and Cairo are all examples of primate cities
        
        Example - New York Cities population density is 29,729 people per square mile as of 2022
      - Examples - *Urban planning is mainly for achieving a carrying capacity and a city people will enjoy. Manhattans urban planning allowed for the buildings to be in such a way to allow for the Manhattan henge to occur
    - - Example - Due to how far it is from other major cities, Lobatos Colorado would be considered rural
- - - - Scarcity - When the need for a resource is higher than the actual amount of the resource available
        
        Example - During COVID, there was a scarcity of chips as large factories in China had been restricted due to COVID restrictions
      - Example - The UK imports $323.05 million dollars worth of Iron & Steel from Ukraine each year
    - - Balance of Trade - The difference in a countries amount of exports and imports
        
        Example - In March 2022, the US's balance of trade was -106917 USD Million
      - Specialization - When a country focuses on a specific industry so it's able to become highly proficient in it
        
        Comparative Advantage - When a country or company is much more proficient when it comes to a specific industry than in a different industry
        
        Example - China has a comparative advantage when it comes to technology, mainly due to it's high access to labor
        
        Absolute Advantage - When a country or company is much more proficient when it comes to a specific industry than another country or company
        
        Example - Saudi Arabia has large amounts of oil supplies and so has an absolute advantage when it comes to oil
      - Ivory Coast (Example) - A country along the western coast of Africa. It's main industry is the commodity of cocoa It's an example of specialization and exports, as it's climate and many years of production allow it to be one of the worlds biggest exporters
        
        Fair Trade - An arrangement set up between farmers that sets a bare minimum price companies must pay for the farmers product no matter the markets. They also set up an additional premium that is then used to create better infrastructure in the farmers community.
        
        Example - Fair Trade has been able to help out farmers in the Ivory Coast, as companies will tend to buy cocoa for much cheaper prices in order to gain a higher profit on their end
      - Commodity - A raw material or product that's typically exported and manufactured
        
        Capital/Investment - A company's or person's financial acquisitions, which can be used to buy commodities and manufacture them into products. These products could be sold to acquire more capital
        
        Examples - Shares you own, the money in your bank account and patents could all be considered your capital
        
        Example - Copper, cocoa, and natural gas are examples of commodities
    - - Container Ship - A large shipping vessel, created to carry containers in a packed efficient manner
      - Choke Point - A place where many container ships pass through such as a Canal or Strait, often granting power to countries who own the choke point
        
        Suez Canal (Example) - The Suez Canal is located in Egypt, and around 70 huge container ships pass through it each day. The canal connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, allowing for a great trade route for South Asian/Middle Eastern Countries to access the EU
      - Belt & Road Initiative (Example) - An initiative set out by China to create an improved global supply chain to be able to quickly have access to commodities and potentially help less developed countries
    - - Example - Cadbury buys most of their cocoa from the Ivory Coast, and end up selling the bars, meaning they are able to set their own prices and make the most profit
    - - Example - The Ivory Coast produces large amounts of cocoa and sells them, and the majority of their farmers in the industry get under paid. Larger companies get to set prices meaning they don't get much, and end up being losers of globalization