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Ethnic Diversity Factors, Colonialism, Annexation - Coggle Diagram
Ethnic Diversity Factors
Annexation
What?
Occurs when a state forcibly takes political control of a neighbouring country without permission. A state will take the sovereignty of another territory.
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How is ED created?
Annexed region contains people of different ethnic groups from the invading country. eg Russians in Crimea bringing new culture and language to the region.
International Migration
What?
Movement of people away from their country and ethnic group on a global scale has caused ethnic diversity across the world.
Example
Western Europe – Experienced wave of economic migrants from eastern Europe moving to richer parts where employment opportunities are better.
-This is the biggest reason why people of different ethnicities come into contact. Migration is a part of colonisation and annexation.
NI stats
-Foreign people 1.6% in 2001 to 4.5% in 2011
-20,000 people from Poland
For a society to be described as ethnically diverse there must be more than one obvious ethnic group. For this to happen processes involved for ethnic mixing must occur.
Colonialism
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What?
The establishment of rule, for an extended period by a sovereign power over a subordinate foreign people that is separate from ruling power.
How is it controlled?
Settlements are created, usually an enclave around a port, with people from the colonial power immigrating to the settlements to establish control over the new state. - settler population
To fend off rival colonial powers, military control was set up in a colony to further control their territory
Transport of labour
This created global ethnic mixing. Colonial powers would transport labour around the empire for construction projects
Example
Britain - Indian workers on Ugandan railways.
-After WWII Britain used colonies to fill their labour gap. This established different ethnic groups in Britain creating an ED society
Positives
Colonies gained independence but still maintain links with their former colonial powers eg British Commonwealth. It strengthens governance within former colonies and helps S+E development.
-It improved interaction between people of different ethnic backgrounds and helped improve global understanding of different ethnicities.
Creating ED
Europeanisation
A European way of life was developed changing cultures eg French is still spoken in West Africa. As different cultures and religions mix conflict arises.
As Europeans migrated they were distinct due to lighter skin colour so it added a European layer to the population.
Sub dividing Africa
European powers divided Africa with regular boundaries. This cut across tribal communities, dismantling their unity as they were now in rival countries leading to conflict.
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Annexation
After centuries of exerting pressure on their neighbours, England were able to take political control + annex Scotland in 1707 and Ireland in 1801 through the Acts of Union creating UK of Great Britain and Ireland
This created an ethnically diverse Britain with Scots , Irish, English and Welsh all having different culture , religion +languages
The Irish in particular did not like the idea of the King of England being their ruler creating ethnic tension
The Great Famine and economic deprivation during 19th + 20th century Ireland meant waves of Irish immigrants moved to port cities eg Liverpool further maintaining ED as a result of annexation