Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Biology: Gcse Paper 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Viruses:
        
        Tiny, non-living (do not contain cells) particles that can reproduce rapidly within the body.
        
        They invade host cells and use them to make new virus particles.
        
        Once the new viruses are made, they cause the cells to burst.
        
        The cell damage makes us feel ill.
        
        Fungi:
        
        Some fungi are single-celled organisms that have a body made up of hyphae (thread-like structures).
        
        The hyphae are able to grow and penetrate tissues, such as human skin or the surface of plants.
        
        The hyphae produce spores that can spread to other plants and animals.
        
        Types of pathogens: Fungi, viruses, bacteria and protists
      - Bacteria:
        
        Small, living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins (poisons).
        
        Can reproduce rapidly in the appropriate conditions: warm, moist areas with a good supply of oxygen.
        
        The toxins released by bacteria can damage cells and tissues, making us feel ill.
        
        Protists:
        
        Single-celled eukaryotic organisms (they have a nucleus).
        
        Many are parasites, meaning that they live on or inside other organisms.
        
        They are often transferred to a host organism by a vector, such as an insect or a mosquito.
        
        They make us feel ill by damaging our tissues.
        
        There are three ways an infectious disease can spread:
        
        Direct contact:
        
        Some pathogens live on the surface of other organisms, such as the skin. if infected skin touches a surface, some of the pathogens can transfer from the infected skin to the surface.
        
        The pathogen then spreads to other people who also touch that surface. Athlete's foot is spread this way.
        
        Preventing infection spread:
        The spread of infections can be prevented by being hygienic, by isolating infected individuals, by protecting against vectors and by vaccination.
        
        Vaccination:
        
        Can make people immune to (resistant to) infection.
        
        The more individuals that are vaccinated, the less likely the disease is to spread.
        
        Isolation
        
        1 more item...
        
        Disease Vectors
        
        3 more items...
        
        Hygiene
        
        1 more item...
        
        Water:
        
        Some pathogens contaminate water supplies. Organisms drinking this contaminated water can be infected by pathogens.
        
        Cholera is a disease spread this way.
        
        Air:
        
        Some pathogens are released into the air inside droplets when an organism breathes or coughs. These droplets can be inhaled (breathed in) by other organisms.
        
        The flu and common colds are spread this way.