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INDIA-AUSTRALIA image BY ATRISHEKHAR - Coggle Diagram
INDIA-AUSTRALIA
BY ATRISHEKHAR
GEOECONOMICS
● Two way FDI is $1.4 bn
ECTA slashed away duties on 96% of Indian exports and 85% of Australian exports.
Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI)
:India and Australia are partners in the trilateral arrangement along with Japan which seeks to enhance the resilience of supply chains in the Indo-Pacific Region.
Australia is the
17th largest trading partner of India
and India is Australia’s 9th largest trading partner.
Bilateral trade (in 2022): over $31 billion (India’s exports: over $10 billion and imports at $17 billion)
· Target: Both countries aim to boost bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030
around 9.76 lakh people in Australia reported their ancestry as Indian origin, making them the second largest group of overseas-born residents in Australia.
Letter of Intent on Migration and Mobility Partnership Arrangement to foster the exchange of skills.
· Mutual Recognition of Educational Qualifications (MREQ) (2023)
· Deakin University and the University of Wollongong are planning to open foreign university campuses in India.
· Australia-India Strategic Research Fund (AISRF)
Challenges
● D/f in approach for Indo-pacific
● Asymmetric priorities
● Contrasting strategic circumstances
● Lack of mvt on trade agreements
China factor
Ties between Australia and China were strained after Canberra in 2018 banned Chinese telecom firm Huawei from the 5G network.
India has been facing an aggressive Chinese military along the border.
Later, it called for an inquiry into the origins of Covid-19, and slammed China’s human rights record in Xinjiang and Hong Kong
China responded by imposing trade barriers on Australian exports, and by cutting off all ministerial contact.
recent bonheime with china is cause of concern
recent
coperative developments
● SAIEP
● Maitri scholars
● CECA negotiations
● Eco coop & ECTA
High-Level Visits and Engagements:
At the 2nd India-Australia Virtual Summit in 2022, several key announcements were made, including on a Letter of Intent on Migration and Mobility Partnership Arrangement to foster the exchange of skills, and a Letter of Arrangement for Educational Qualifications Recognition to facilitate the mobility of students and professionals.
Ministerial Visits: There have been five inbound and two outbound ministerial visits in 2024, including the Victorian Premier’s first-ever visit to India
Annual Summit: The 2nd India-Australia Annual Summit was held on the sidelines of the 2024 G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Cultural and People-to-People Ties:
The Mechanism for Mutual Recognition of Educational Qualifications (MREQ) was signed on March 2 this year. This will facilitate mobility of students between India and Australia. Deakin University and University of Wollongong are planning to open campuses in India
Maitri Grants Program: This program has scaled up, funding impactful projects that enhance people-to-people connections and catalyze new economic opportunities2.
Cultural Events: High-profile cultural events, such as AR Rahman’s visit to Sydney and the South by South-West festival in Sydney, have opened new possibilities for cultural collaboration2.
Economic Cooperation:
India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA): The utilization of the ECTA has deepened economic ties, and talks are underway to upgrade it to a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)
Renewable Energy Partnership: Launched during the Australia-India Annual Leaders’ Summit in November 2024, this partnership marks a significant milestone in bilateral cooperation on renewable energy
Defense and Security:
Military Exercises: The AUSTRAHIND joint military exercise has grown in scope and complexity, with Australia sending a significantly larger contingent in 2024 compared to previous years
Strategic Dialogues: Regular high-level engagements through the bilateral 2+2 dialogue and participation in trilateral and plurilateral cooperative mechanisms have strengthened strategic alignment
GEOSTRATEGIC
India-Australia ‘2+2’ Foreign Secretaries and Defence Secretaries Dialogue: India and Australia agreed in 2015 to hold annual meetings of Foreign and Defence Secretaries (2+2) to enhance foreign policy and security cooperation; The 3rd Dialogue was held in New Delhi on 09 December 2019.
: The 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue was held in September 2021, and the Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister of Australia visited in June 2022.
The Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) was concluded during the Virtual Summit in June 2020, and the two militaries held several joint exercises in 2022.
India-Australia-Japan Trilateral Dialogue: The inaugural Secretary-level trilateral talks between India, Australia and Japan was held in New Delhi in June 2015. The second Foreign Secretary level trilateral talks were held in Tokyo on 26 February 2016 and the third took place in Canberra on 29 April 2017. The 4th India-Australia-Japan Trilateral Dialogue was held in New Delhi on 13 December 2017.
Indonesia-Australia-India Trilateral Dialogue: The 1st Indonesia-Australia-India Senior Officials’ Strategic Dialogue was held in Bogor, Indonesia on 27th November 2017. The second dialogue in Canberra on September 21, 2018 and the 3rd in New Delhi on 19 November 2019.
The two-way Prime Ministerial visits in 2014 built significant momentum in the bilateral relationship, signifying deepening relations.
Australia will host military operations with India, Japan, and the US in the “Malabar” exercises off the coast of Perth in August, and has invited India to join the Talisman Sabre exercises later this year
In 2020,Prime ministers of both the countries elevated bilateral relationship from Strategic Partnership to Comprehensive strategic Partnership during India-Australia Leaders’ Virtual Summit.
In 2021, the prime ministers of both the countries met during COP26 at Glasgow.
In 2022, there has been a series of high-level engagements and exchange of ministerial visits in 2022 and in 2023 including India-Australia virtual summit and Foreign Ministers meet. Several key announcements were made during 2nd India-Australia Virtual Summit including:
A Letter of Intent on Migration and Mobility Partnership Arrangement to foster the exchange of skills.
BACKGROUND
Australia and India for the first time established diplomatic relations in the pre-Independence period, when the
Consulate General of India was first opened as a Trade Office in Sydney in 1941.
India-Australia relations touched a historic low when the Australian Government condemned India’s
1998 nuclear tests.
In 2014, Australia signed a
Uranium supply deal with India, the first of its kind with a country that is a non-signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,
in recognition of India’s “impeccable” non-proliferation record.
Shared values of pluralistic, Westminster-style democracies, Commonwealth traditions,
expanding economic engagement, and increasing high-level interaction have underpinned the India-Australia bilateral relationship.
Common traits, including strong, vibrant, secular, and multicultural democracies, a free press, an independent judicial system, and English language, serve as the foundation for closer co-operation.
The India-Australia bilateral relationship has been underpinned by the shared values of pluralistic, Westminster-style democracies, Commonwealth traditions, expanding economic engagement, and increasing high-level interaction.
GEOPOLITICAL
Both are members of the
Quad, Commonwealth, Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), ASEAN Regional Forum, Asia Pacific Partnership on Climate and Clean Development, and have participated in the East Asia Summits
.
Both countries have also been cooperating as members of the
Five Interested Parties (FIP) in the World Trade Organization context.
Australia is an important player in
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and supports India's membership of the organizati
on.
To celebrate India at 75, the Australian government illuminated more than 40 buildings across the country, and Prime Minister
The countries signed a Letter of Intent on New and Renewable Energy in 2022 which provides for cooperation towards
bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies
, especially ultra low-cost solar and clean hydrogen.
During the Virtual Summit in 2022, India announced matching funds of AUD 10 million for Pacific Island Countries under Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS) and of AUD 10 million for Pacific Island Countries under International Solar Alliance (ISA).
“At the heart of this contest is genuine respect, reflecting the affection and friendship between our peoples…On the field, Australia and India are competing to be the best in the world. Off the field, we are co-operating to build a better world,” Albanese, the first leader of his country to make a bilateral visit to India since Malcolm Turnbull in 2017 (during 2023 visit)
DEFENCE
Engagement between the Royal Australian Navy and the Indian Navy has advanced significantly through the key bilateral exercise, AUSINDEX.
The Information Fusion Centre
India has been invited to join the Talisman Sabre exercises in 2023.
Australia will host the "Malabar" exercises in August 2023, with participation from India, Japan, and the US.
The Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) was signed during the Virtual Summit in June 2020 to enhance defence cooperation.
The 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue took place in September 2021, and the Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister of Australia visited India in June 2022.
For the first time, the Indian Air Force participated in Exercise Pitch Black in Darwin in 2018.
