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Physics, Biology, Chemistry, ELECTRICITY, Conduction- when a solid is…
Physics
Energy transfer
Convection- when a liquid or gas is heated, the particles move faster. This means the liquid or gas becomes less dense.
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EFFICIENCY
The less energy that is wasted during a transfer, the more efficient the transfer is.
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Biology
Inverse Square Law
The inverse law is used to describe and define light intensity at different distances from a light source.
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Distance is measured in metres (m), and your result will be in arbitrary units.
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Photosynthesis
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Limiting factors of this reaction could be water, sunlight or carbon dioxide.
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This entire reaction takes place inside the organelle of plant cells named the chloroplasts, containing chlorophyll which is a key component of the reaction.
Plants acquire carbon dioxide via diffusion through the stomata of the leaves. Water is absorbed through the roots via the xylem, and minerals and ions are acquired through root hair cells also.
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Chemistry
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separation
[distillation]
simple -
separates a liquid from a solution by heating the solution until the liquid with the lowest boiling point evapourates. The evapourate then condenses down a tube and is collected into a beaker with the solute still within the initial container
Fractional -
often used in separating crude oil, a mixture of liquids are evaporated at an incredibly high temperature and rise through a temperature gradient that steadily gets cooler.
As each liquid dips below its boiling point, it condenses and is collected in fractions
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HISTORY
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JJ Thompson (1897)
Created the plum pudding model of the atom, whereby atoms were a solid ball of positive charge with negatively charged electrons studded in
Earnest Rutherford (1909)
Conducted the alpha scattering experiment with a gold foil leaf. It was discovered that the mass of an atom is centralised and it's charged.
The Alpha scattering experiment
A box containing a source of radiation had a slit where alpha particles were shot through (alpha particles only travel in straight lines) at a thin sheet of gold foil. Gold atoms are large and so while many of the particles passed through, some of them bounced off due to them colliding with the nuclei.
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ELECTRICITY
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Definition: a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons).
Conduction- when a solid is heated, the particles vibrate and collide more, and the energy is transferred.
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