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Segundo parcial. - Coggle Diagram

- - - - New characteristics!
        
        Michael Porter’s theory - CSV > The success of businesses and the health of their communities are interdependent.
        
        Engaging to solve social and environmental problems linked to a business could ultimately improve the bottom line of that business, and it is an important way to maximise profits.
        
        CSR has evolved away from being used as a tool to maximise profit. Rather, there is an increased focus on distributing more of the value generated by the business to multiple stakeholders.
    - - Companies that take CSR seriously do not limit themselves to simply obeying laws and regulations, which may be too weak to meet ethical responsibilities.
      - And they are not simply looking for social and environmental actions that improve profits. Instead, they are actively seeking ways to improve society and the environment through core business activities and business designs.
      - Such businesses are called generative (regenerative) businesses
    - - Businesses may find it difficult to change the culture of the organization to focus on CSR.
      - All the stakeholders may be entrenched in certain ways of doing things and it will take energy and vision to bring about change.
      - CSR may also increase costs of production in the short term
      - There is also a reputational risk for the business if it does not follow through on its public CSR commitments.
- - - - They...
        
        Individuals who own and run their businesses alone. There is little legal distinction between the individual and their business, therefore is relatively easy to set up.
        
        They can choose whether to reinvest profits in the business, or use them to meet their own financial needs.
        
        On the other hand, sole traders are also personally responsible for any losses the business might incur.
    - - The creation of a business by two or more individuals called (business) partners.
        A partnership agreement will likely include the following:
        
        the amount of money put in by each partner
        
        the sharing of profits and losses by each partner
        
        the roles and responsibilities of each partner
        
        the rules around accepting new partners or withdrawal of existing partners
        
        the procedures for ending the partnershipe by the partnership.
    - - Are generally large organisations owned by many individuals and groups of individuals, known as shareholders. The term shareholders can be taken literally, as these individuals each own a share of the business.
        There are two types of limited liability companies (corporations):
      - Privately held companies
        Publicly held companies
    - - Sole traders
      - Partnerships
      - Companies/corporations
      - Publicly held
      - Privately held
- - - - Characteristics
        
        Reduce new material inputs, replacing them with recovered or bio-based materials.
        
        These resources can be planned into design and production decisions from the start, reducing the environmental impact in supply chains and potentially reducing the cost of resources.
        
        Also known as cradle-to-cradle product design.
    - - Resource recovery models are closely related to circular supply models. However, instead of focusing on the businesses that use the circular materials in their products, these models focus on the business collecting, sorting and processing waste materials.
      - Collecting
      - Sorting
      - Secondary production
    - - Product life extension models focus on extending the time that a consumer uses products. If consumers use products longer, it reduces the amount of inputs needed to create new products. Product life can be extended in a number of ways:
        
        Design for durability.
        
        Reuse and repair.
        
        Remanufacturing.
    - - ...
        
        Sharing models allow consumers to share use of products with strangers, reducing the new inputs needed for products that might be under-utilised by the consumer. The sharing is usually supported by online platforms that show what products are available, where they are, and when they are available.
        
        Co-ownership
        
        Co-access
    - - Product service system models involve selling the service for using a product rather than selling the product itself. This model improves incentives for sustainable product design because the business wants the product to last a long time so that it can sell its services.
        
        Product-oriented service system models: focus on selling products and associated after-sale services, like maintaining or repairing
        
        User-oriented product service system models involve consumers paying for temporary access to products, usually through a leasing agreement.