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Anatomy 3: joints - Coggle Diagram
Anatomy 3: joints
synovial Joints
free mobile
bones are surrounded by a capsule = articular capsule
inner layer of the capsule = synovial membrane
covers the non articulator parts of the bones
produce and absorb the synovial fluid
fibrous membrane - capsule ---> the outer layer
the capsule is attached to the ligaments
the articular parts are surrounded by the articular hyaline cartilage
the joint cavity contains the synovial fluid
allow free mobility
supplies nutrient to the cartilage
lubrication of the cartilage
structures inside the joint
cartilage
disc
meniscus
labrum
ligaments
tendons
The types
Uniaxial
hinge---> elbow joint + interphalangeal joints
pivot----> superior radioulnar + atlanto axial joint
Biaxial
ellipsoid (condyloid) ---> metacarpo phalanges + wrist joint
saddle ---> carpometacarpals of the thumb
polyaxially
ball & socket (shoulder & knee)
nonaxial
plane ---> intercarpals &intertarsals
Fibrous joints
no mobile
sutures ----> ossify with age \ skull bone
gomphsosis ----> the roots of the teeth in the boney cavity( periodontal)
syndesmosis ----> interosseous membrane ( middle radio-ulnar + inferior tibio-fibular )
factors maintaining the stability of joints
position of ligaments
shape of articulating bones
tone contraction of the muscle
the articulation () 2 or more bones
nature of tissue () the bones
cartilaginous = amphiarthroses
synovial = diarthroses
fibrous = synarthroses
mobility
no mobile
limited mobile
freely mobile
Cartilaginous joints
secondary = sympheses
persistent
limited mobile
white fibrocartilage
medial plane
discs between vertebras
atlanto axial joint
primary = synchondroses
no mobile
temporary ossifies with age
hyaline
epiphysial plate cartilage + 1st costal of sternum