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TRANSGENIC ANIMALS - Coggle Diagram
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS
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14 Feb 2003 Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, died.
5 Oct 2015 CRISPR/Cas9 modified 60 genes in pig embryos in first step to create organs suitable for human transplants.
5 Jul 1996 Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal.
1985 First transgenic mice created with with genes coding for both the heavy and light chain domains in an antibody.
25 Sep 2021 First genetically engineered pig kidney successfully transplanted into a brain-dead human patient.
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ISSUES OF CONCERN
A major concern is the number of excess animals required to establish a transgenic line, and to produce a required number of animals with the correct gene compliment.
If the use of cloning became more widespread in the animal breeding industry, there is a danger that the level of genetic diversity could fall to an unacceptable degree.
Another area of concern is the boundary construction between what is considered "natural" and "unnatural". to many people and scientists: the crossing of species boundaries is "unnatural".
Where transgenic animals are concerned, it remains important to "expect the unexpected" even with the best information, and the best of intentions, it is not possible to predict with certainty how they will impact upon the environmental animal.
One area of concern is the moral status of animals, animal rights and animal welfare.
Concerns have also been expressed about risks from long-term impacts for humans and for the environment.
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