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sleep - Coggle Diagram
sleep
sleep and biological rhythms
- sleep: a reversible behavioural state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment
- biological rhythms: cyclic changes in bodily functions or activities.
circadian rhythms
- changes in bodily functions or activities that occur as part of a cycle with a duration of about 24 hours.
- human sleep wake cycle
factors the influence the circadian rhythm
- light is the main environmental cue that influences the sleep wake cycle.
- an area of the hypothalamus recieves info about the amount of incoming light for the eyes and adjusts our sleep wake cycle accordingly.
biological clock
- regulates the timing and activity of the sleep wake cycle.
ultradian rhythms
- changes in biological functions or activities that occur as part of cycle shorter than 24 hours.
- eg: NREM/REM sleep cycles (90 mins)
90 min NREM and REM cycles
- an adult sleeps for approximately 8 hours with NREM/REM cycles of 90-120 minutes for 4 or 5 times throughout the night.
NREM and REM sleep
NREM sleep
- four sleep stages
- stage 1: breathing is irregular, muscles relax, hypnic jerks occur, brain waves are irregular and small.
- stage 2: sleep spindles and k complexes occur within theta brain waves, lowered body temp.
- stage 3: as well as theta waves, delta waves appear which are large and slow.
- stage 4: deep sleep, mostly delta brain waves.
REM sleep
- bursts of rapid eye movement during which the eyeballs rapidly move beneath the closed eyelids.
- bodys internal functioning is more active than during NREM sleep
- blood pressure rises
- breathing is quicker and more irregular
- sleep looks relaxed
- most dreaming occurs during REM sleep.
sleep stages and EEG EOG EMG
- awake
-EEG: awake, alert with beta waves
-EMG: high activity with some disortions
-EOG: high activity
- NREM stage 1: drowsy
-EEG: alpha and theta waves
-EMG: high activity without distortions
-EOG: eye rolling movements
- NREM stage 2: light sleep
-EEG: theta waves with sleep spindles and k complexes
-EMG: medium activity
-EOG: low to no activity
- NREM stage 3
-EEG: theta waves and some delta waves
-EMG: medium to low activity
-EOG: low to no activity
- NREM stage 4: deep sleep
-EEG: mostly delta waves
-EMG: medium to low activity
-EOG: low to no activity
- REM
-EEG: beta like waves
-EMG: very low to no activity
-EOG: high activity
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