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Particle Physics, Fluorescent tube, feynman diagrams, photoelectric effect…
Particle Physics
Baryons
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eg. proton (p), neutron (n), sigma (Σ)
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Leptons
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eg. electrons, neutrinos, muons, (tauons)
each 'branch' of leptons has its own neutrinos
- electrons (e-) have electron neutrinos (Ve)
- muons (μ-) have muon neutrinos (Vμ)
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Mesons
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pions - don't have a strangeness
- π+ = u ̅d
- π- = ̅u d
- π0 = u ̅u , d ̅d , s ̅s
(its own antiparticle)
kaons - have a strangeness
- k+ = u ̅s
- k- = s ̅u
- k0 = d ̅s
- ̅k0 = s ̅d
they decay into pions
Photons
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energy of one photon = planck's constant x frequency
E = h x f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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QBLS conservation
any particle interaction must conserve at least charge, baryon number and lepton number
within lepton number, electron lepton and muon lepton numbers must be conserved
strangeness
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strange particles are created in a strong interaction along with a strange antiparticle (to conserve strangeness)
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Fundamental Particles
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quarks:
- up (+2/3 charge)
- down (-1/3 charge)
- strange (-1/3 charge)
- charm
- top
- bottom
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Standard model
a model describing the 4 known fundamental forces: electromagnetism, gravity, strong interaction, weak interaction
each force has a carrier - an exchange particle (gauge boson)
- electromagnetic - (virtual) photon
- gravity - graviton (sort of)
- strong interaction - gluon (or occasionally a neutral pion)
- weak interaction - W+ boson / W- boson / Z0 boson
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