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BSM4501: Applied Plant cell and Tissue Culture, Chapter 2: Plant Breeding,…

- - - - Minimise usage of pesticide
        
        Advantages
        
        Efficiency: fast-acting and often highly effective means to kill or control a specific type of pest
        
        Relatively low cost
        
        Ease with which they can be applied and their effectiveness, availability and stability
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Promotes evolution of pesticide resistance
        
        Animal contaminations and deaths
    - - Uses living organisms to kill pests
        
        Advantages
        
        on-going cost are small
        
        does not have adverse effect on the human health or the environment
        
        reduces the competitiveness & reproductive capacity of the weed, making it more manageable
        
        Disadvantages
        
        slow action
        
        difficult & sometimes expensive to develop biological control in field because it requires high qualified scientific staff