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Antibiotics 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Spectrum:
        
        • Less potent than the first generation against gram(+)organism sbut much more effective against gram (-). Some do inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Salmonella.
        
        • Most penetrate CSF to achieve therapeutically active concentrations.
        
        • Used mainly for serious hospital-acquired gram (-) infections, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infection (UTI), meningitis, lyme disease.
  - - - Spectrum:
        
        • Good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Saureus,& S pneumoniae. Highly active against haemophilus and neisseria
        
        • Similar to third generation agents in many ways
        
        • Stable to hydrolysis by many β-lactamases that inactivate many of the third generation cephalosporins
        
        • Excellent penetration into the CSF in animal models of meningitis.
  - - - Spectrum:
        
        • Slightlylesspotentagainstgram(+)microbes.Betteractivityagainst gram (-) organisms. – Haemophilus, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Neisseria
        
        • Used primarily in management of URTI, urinary tract, bone & soft-tissue infections
        
        • Perioperative surgical prophylaxis. ...........................• Do not penetrate CSF.
  - - - Spectrum:
        
        • Broad gram(+)activity ;also has similar activity against gram(-) pathogens as third-generation cephalosporins.
        
        • Administered as a prodrug ceftaroline fosamil.
        
        • Excellent activity against streptococci, MSSA, MRSA, H. influenzae,Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella and Serratia.
        
        • Used in treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired pneumonia.
  - - - Spectrum
        
        • Relatively good activity against gram (+) organisms, moderate activity against gram (-) microbes – E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, K. pneumonia.
        
        • Used in skin and soft tissue infections, serious infections due to MSSA and perioperative surgical prophylaxis
        
        • DonotpenetrateCSF.
- - - - e.g.Ampicillin(PO/IV)
        
        Spectrum:
        Same as Penicillin G and have improved activity against gram (-) organisms. Less potent than Penicillin G.
        
        With β-lactamase inhibitor - further extends spectrum: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (PO), ampicillin/sulbactam (IV)
      - Amoxicillin(PO)
    - - e.g. Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacellin (parentral)
  - - - Benzathine Penicillin G
        
        (IM) – sustained release
      - Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin)
        
        (PO)
        
        • Same as Penicillin G but less potent
        • In gonorrhea & meningococcal meningitis
      - PenicillinG(Benzyl-penicillin)
        
        –Parenteral(IVorIM)
        
        Active against gram (+/-) cocci & gram (+) bacilli
        
        (non-β-lactamase
        producing staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, clostridium, neisseria meningitis, treponema)