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IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - Coggle Diagram

- - - - a. Unidirectional Relationship
      - b. Causality
      - c. Reciprocal Relationship
- - - - One's experience can provide a source for the discovery of research problems both in the social sciences and in the pursuit of economics.
    - - Literature such as textbooks, scientific journals, and particularly research reports are the most potential sources for discovering research problems.
        
        There are several guidelines to choose a problem of research that researchers might guide, among other things:
        
        1) Selected research issues should not create any difficulty in obtaining facilities related to the research to be carried out.
        
        2) Research issues chosen are quite interesting and important to examine.
        
        3) Avoid duplicating research problems with those of other researchers.
        
        4) The issues considered should be of practical use.
        
        5) The needed data is available enough, as data in research is indispensable for analyzing problems and verifying the theories used.
  - - - Reading, particularly reading that includes information on study findings.
      - Seminars, group discussions, and other scientific gatherings are also available.
      - Statement of authority.
      - A cursory observation.
      - Personal experience.
      - Feeling of intuition.
  - - - • There is a gap between what is supposed to happen (das sollen).
      - • No skepticism or doubt.
      - • Policy change.
      - • There are business activities at the individual/part/organization level
    - - • There was an earlier research limitation.
      - • There is an unclear concept of a link between variables.
      - • There are differences in earlier research that need to be explained.
- - - - In choosing problems, problems will have research value if the following is addressed:
        
        a) Problems should have authenticity
        
        b) Problem has to be a relationship
        
        c) The problem has to be important
        
        d) Problem d. should be tested
        
        e) Problems must be expressed in the form of questions
    - - That the selected problem must have physiology, that is, the problem can be solved, it means:
        
        a) Data and methods for solving problems must be available.
        
        b) The cost of solving problems must be relatively within the limits of the ability.
        
        c) Time to solve problems must be reasonable.
        
        d) Costs and results should be balanced.
        
        e) Administrations and sponsors have to be strong.
        
        f) It is not against laws and customs.
    - - A problem inserted will be more interesting if it matches the qualifications of its researchers.
        
        (Nasir, 2011: 143) gives problem development signs as follows:
        
        a) Problems are usually formulated in the form of questions
        
        b) Set your formula clear and concise
        
        c) Problems should include data implications for problem solving
        
        d) Formulation of problems should be the basis for formulating a hypothesis
        
        e) Problem should be the basis for formulating the title of research
      - A few things to remember in formulating problems.
        
        A scientific problem should not be an ethical or moral question.
        
        Avoid problems that are methodologies.
        
        Issues should be specific.