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Is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights a Western or Christian…
Is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights a Western or Christian Document?
Conclusion
Shahhed's quote
(primordial to have global, uniform, standardized conception/application of human rights but as primordial that their political institutions has been a process of equity, with every country participating equally and having their say at the same level)
Clear that we cannot share Lindkvist's view
"It would be wrong to think that human rights are, in and of themselves, tied to any specific ideology, be it Christian personalism or neoliberalism."
non-universality of human rights depicted in UDHR since Western-centric and Christianity-based
“In the 1940s, as much as in and through some of their legacies today, Christian human rights have not so much been about the inclusion of the other, but about policing the borders and boundaries at which threatening enemies loom”
“The debate often hinges on the idea that though human rights are said to have universal validity, they originated in the West, reflect Western interests and are, therefore, a weapon of cultural hegemony or a new form of imperialism.”
Introduction
It is known that the West has always been central to conception of the world blablabla, this dynamic is even reflected through topic of human rights as cultural imperialism is rooted in conception of Universal Declaration. Hard to consider the latter as an international moral framework since it reflects a strong Christian influence arising from Westernized ideologies, as Hobson claims, quote, I argue that the the UDHR constitutes a form of informal imperialism as it considers Global North interests as a centrality through its drafting... 3 ARGUMENTS DEVELOPED
Argument 2
Drafting issues, article 18, christian personalism, Moyn's argument I argee
Argument 3
Shahhed's central claim, émergent de la guerre donc western-centric, historical roots unacknowledged, ahistorical, cultural relativism, chiffres sur states qui participent
Argument 1
Lindkvist’s “Cambridge School” approach, I disagree, différents messieurs et leurs idéologies
It reinforces a form of cultural imperialism as the UDHR is rooted in a Western-centric conception of human rights. The drafting process demonstrates evidence of a strong Christian influence since …
I don’t think it is appropriate/adequate to consider it as an international moral framework since …
I challenge the universality of human rights through 3 arguments...
Definition of term cultural imperialism (supported by POLI244 article?)
Subordination of Islamic doctrines
"The contestations are commonly narrated as a part of a clash between a deep-rooted Western tradition of human rights and religious freedom on the one hand, and traditional Islamic teachings on apostasy on the other.”
Moyn's perception
relationship between human rights and religion is undeniable and mainly the one linking Christianity to its conception, but that meaning and definition of modern human rights were reinvented/redefined/reconstructed dismantled and rebuilt…
Pope's affirmation on human rights
Lindkvist’s “Cambridge School” approach
focus on particular actors and their contributions to debates within specific intellectual and historical contexts.
“the Universal Declaration was produced from a place outside history, a place where politics, ideology, and power were somehow put on pause.”
Controversies surrounding Article 18
shaped and influenced by Christian writers
quote on Western natural rights theory
quote on subordination of traditional Islamic teachings
Christian personalism
advocacy for universality of human rights was done by Christian people rather than non-religious/neutral/objective people
Moyn's quote
UN Commission on Human Rights’ most well-known personalities; Roosevelt (American), Cassin (French), Nolde
serve their own interests
Malik's contribution
“Through a close reading of his writings on human rights, I reveal how Malik associated himself with a Christian personalist understanding of human rights. A common theme in his writings was that an international statement on human rights that revolved around the freedom of thought and conscience, would make for a useful antidote against all forms of materialism.”
Roosevelt and Cassin
“I turn to the arguments that Roosevelt and Cassin, advanced in favor of a narrow focus on rights of individuals. I show how their positions were motivated by domestic politics and by ideological positions on what constituted the essence of the US and French national projects. Albeit in somewhat different terms, they both viewed the Declaration as a document that dovetailed with policies of national assimilation.”
Shahhed's central claim
quote on weapon of cultural hegemony
Essence of the war as western-centric because of main actors
"Conceptualizations and articulations of actual human rights arise from political responses after atrocities of WW2 "
Drafting issues
58 countries participated in constitution of UDHR in 1948 but “les chiffres ne mentent pas”: “Among these states were, African, Asian, and Latin American countries. 37 states were associated with Judeo-Christian traditions; 11 Islamic; 6 Marxist; and 4 identified as being associated with Buddhist-Confucian traditions”