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Session 11-12 WESTERN DESIGN’S ORIGIN AND PRECEDENTS - Coggle Diagram
Session 11-12
WESTERN DESIGN’S ORIGIN AND PRECEDENTS
Craftsmanship ←> Artisans <→ Artists
Craftsmanship
Maker
Original/Unique
Experience
Act of creating
Skills
Artisans
Decoration
Organic and Local
Authentic
Handmade
Tradition
Function
Artists
Creativity
Multi/Interdisciplinary
Meaning
Influential
Evolution
Emergence of Design as a Profession
Antiquity (Objects & Craftsmanship)
Craftsmanship: before the industrial revolution, a skillful craftsman could create a piece of furniture, shaped to accommodate the individual needs of a specific use. Objects made in this way existed in the mind of the maker before they took on physical shape. They were based on inherited forms and skills, working from a combination of memory and intuition
Crowns, Cameras, Weapons
Mediaeval Times (Art, Artisans & Guilds)
Before the 15th century, the concept of art as distinct from craftsmanship did not exist
The mediaeval view recognised both patron and artist as makers
Arts and crafts were seen as a set of skill that were handed from generation to generation through training and workshops
Guilds: groups of craftsman
Power of artisans were based on willingness to join together and act as a collective (had more power as a group)
Commonalities with today’s business organisation
Renaissance (Art, Artists, and Canons)
Socrates and Plato School of Athens (message) - Learning from the past (wars, peace)
How information is passed down (stories)
Huge gap between Liberal/Fine Arts and Craftsmanship
Formulated for the first time: an artist was a skilled maker or practitioner but a greater value will be given to those art forms practised mainly for its aesthetic value and its beauty rather than its functional value
Liberal Arts: perceived as an aim of the artist to free themselves from the guilds, brought a dependency on the patron
The Lives of the Artists - Giorgio Vasari
Canon: a body of work or set of criteria agreed to represent the greatest examples of a genre
The canon will be different in different times and places, but there will always be a canon
Artists role = to provide the creative direction through drawings or designs that could be used to guide a network of makers who would physically carry out work to create pieces with a cultural ambition.
Albrecht Durer
Created self-portraits (author)
Enlightenment (Social Revolutions)
The Gutenberg Press
The Gutenberg press
Book production came into the industrial age in 1440 with the intention of the printing press. The cost of producing books was lowered significantly, this, in turn, increased the distribution of books. (now a publication enterprise)
Woodblock printing has been used since Antiquity, Gutenberg developed a printing press that used metal movable type printing, using individual letters
Dangerbook