Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Germany 1918-45 summary, Consequences of the TOV on Germany Political…

- - - - GERMAN TERRITORY + COLONIES
        
        TERRITORY
        West Prussia + Posen + Upper Silesia = Poland
        Alsace Lorraine = France
        Estonia + Lativa + Lithuania (that Germany had taken from Russia in 1918) = Became independant states
        Rhineland = Demilitarised
        Sarrland + Danzig = Run by LON (then public vote after 15 years to stay or leave) ((Sarrland = very important industrial zone))
        
        COLONIES
        Cameroon + Other colonies in Africa, the Pacific and Asia --> Mandates controlled by LON (so basically France and Britain)
      - GERMANY'S ARMED FORCES
        
        Army limited to 100,000 men
        
        Conscription banned
        
        Germany not allowed armoured vehicles, submarines or aircrafts
        
        Navy could only have 6 battleships
        
        Rhineland became a demilitarised zone
      - REPARATIONS
        
        6.6 Billion pounds sterling was the amount set in 1921. If the young plan in 1929 had not happened, Germany would have been paying until 1984
      - LEAUGE OF NATIONS
        
        LON was set up as an "international police force" but Germany was not allowed to join until it had shown itself to be 'Peace-loving.'
      - WAR GUILT
        
        Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war. The Germans considered this extremely harsh.
    - - Every country involved agreed on the amount of reparations
        
        Disarmament was fair as it meant that Germany couldn't attack again
        
        Germany treated Russia extremely harshly during the treaty of Brest-Litovosk 1917. Russia lost aproximetely 90% of its coal supply territory, a third of it's population and suffered extreme humiliation - the TOV could have been much harsher.
    - - This was arranged without consulting Germany, so many Germans were angry about the non-representation of their country
        
        Germans lost not only a lot of territory but the issue was that some of it was very important territory such as the sarr or Upper Silesia (important industrial areas.) People thought that this was highly unjust as they were not only taking away money from their economy through reparations but also taking away their means to rebuild their economy to pay it back.
        
        The disarmament was a blow to national pride as the army was a symbol of it and also Germans disagreed with the fact that although Germany was being forced to, none of the allies were being asked to or forced to disarm in the same way. It also meant that Germany couldnt defend itself against potental attacks.
        
        The allies were also gaining a lot from Germany's losses such as the colonies which had valuble resources and land and the restriction of the Navy as Britain wanted to keep their navy the strongest. Profits of coal mining went to France which was viewed as unfair as it was hard earned German labour.
        
        Only Germany was made to pay money
    - - LLOYD GEORGE (BRITAIN)
        Realist
        
        MOTIVES
        
        Wanted money but not enough to damage trade
        
        Wanted to expand + mantain British empire
        
        Tried to avoid a future war
        
        AIMS
        
        Wanted Britain to be competitive in business in Europe
        
        Wanted to reduce German navy as it was the fastest way to access Britain and therefore a bigger risk to it and to mantain Britains army strong
        
        Wanted to punish Germany but not too harshly
        
        Wanted to mantain British colonies
      - WILSON (US)
        Idealist
        
        MOTIVES
        
        The US only joined the war near the end, so was not very damaged by the war. Did not want a harsh penalty for Germany
        
        AIMS
        (14 Points)
        
        Establish LON
        
        No secret treaties
        
        Self determination
        
        Promoting democracy
        
        Disarmament
        
        Open seas
      - CLEMENCAU (FRANCE)
        Extremist
        
        MOTIVES
        
        France suffered many casualties during the war, and the French public was angry and wanted revenge (2/3rds of men in the french army killed or wounded). Wanted an extremely harsh treaty for Germany
        
        AIMS
        
        Huge reparations
        
        Removal of German fighting force
        
        Alsace Lorraine back
        
        Demilitarisation of the Rhineland as it was very close to France
  - - - TERMS
        
        Lost land to Transylvania
        
        Lost land to Ruthenia
        
        Lost land to Slovakia
        
        Lost land to Croatia
        
        Lost land to Slovinia
        _ Due to pay reparations but its economy was so weak it never did
      - RESULTS
        
        Industries suffered from loss of population and raw materials.
    - - Treaty of Sevres 1920
        
        TERMS
        
        Lost land to Greece
        
        Lost land to Armenia
        
        Lost land to France
        
        Lost land to Britain
        
        'Zones of influence (eg. Kurdistan under the French)' controlled by Britain and France
        
        RESULTS
        
        The origional Turk government was ready to sign by nationalsist under Mustafa Kemal Pusha stopped the government from signing and began to reverse the terms of the treaty by force. They drove the Greeks out of Smyrna and forced the French to negotiate withdrawing and reached an agreement with the British over access to the Straits. These Changes were recognised in a new treaty, the Treaty of Lausanne.
      - Treaty of Lausanne 1923
        
        TERMS + RESULTS
        
        The changes that the Turks had forcably reversed were recognised
        
        Turkey's borders were fixed more or less as they are today
    - - TERMS
        
        Lost land to Greece
        
        Lost land to Yugoslavia
        
        Lost land to Romania
        
        Lost access to the mediteranian
        ~ Army restricted to 20,000
        _ £100 million
      - RESULTS
        
        Many Bulgarians were governed by foreign policies by 1920
        
        Bulgaria had played a minor part in the war and so was treated less harshly than its allies
    - - TERMS
        
        Bohemia-Moravia = Czechoslovakia
        
        Galicia = Poland
        
        Boshia-Herzegovina + Croatia = Yugoslavia
        
        Land to Italy
        ~ Army restricted to 300,000
        ~ Forbidden to unite with Germany
      - RESULTS
        
        Suffered severe economic problems after the war as much of the economy went to Czechlovakia, and because they were suddenly part of foreign states
        
        Italy felt it should have recieved more land