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Lec 4: Listening in Human Communication - Coggle Diagram
Lec 4: Listening in Human Communication
A five - stage model of the listening process
Receiving
A speaker sends verbal and nonverbal messages.
Receive messages more effectively by:
Paying attention (think of their message, not your response)
Avoiding the need to interrupt
Avoiding the need to assume you understand
Understanding
For better understanding:
Ask Questions
Rephrase/Paraphrase
Consider the speaker’s point of view
Avoid judging the message
When you receive the meaning the speaker intended, both the ideas and the emotions.
Remembering
Effective listening involves the ability to recall details.
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Strengthen long-term memory by:
Focusing on central ideas
Organizing and categorizing
Uniting and relating new and old information
Repeating names and key concepts
Evaluating
Judging messages in some way.
Evaluate effectively by:
Avoid evaluating until you understand the speaker’s point of view
Give the benefit of the doubt
Distinguish facts from opinions
Responding
Should be supportive
Acknowledge you are listening
Back channeling Cues: signals that the speaker know you're paying attention
Be honest
Listening Barriers
Distractions
Physical
Mental
Biases and Prejudices: định kiến có sẵn
Lack of Appropriate Focus
Premature Judgment: đánh giá trước khi nghe câu chuyện
Hearing Impairment: một số vấn đề lq đến tai
Styles of effective listening
▪ Empathic and Objective Listening
See from the speaker’s point of view
Engage in equal, two-way conversation
Seek to understand thoughts and feelings
Avoid “offensive listening”
Strive to be objective
▪ Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening
Listen with an open mind and a view towards understanding
Listen critically to evaluate, be logical
To be effective:
Keep an open mind
Avoid filtering out or oversimplifying
Recognize your own biases
Combat the tendency to sharpen
Avoid uncritical listening
▪ Surface and Depth Listening
Focus on verbal and nonverbal messages
Listen for content and relational messages
Listen for self-referential messages
Balance—don’t over listen for hidden meaning
▪ Polite and Impolite Listening
Avoid interrupting the speaker
Give supporting listening cues
Show empathy with the speaker
Maintain eye contact
Give positive feedback
▪ Active and Inactive Listening
Paraphrase the speaker’s meaning
Express understanding of the speaker’s feelings
Ask questions
Listening and Culture