Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lecture 6: Nonverbal Messages: com without words - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 6: Nonverbal Messages: com without words
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Interact with Verbal Messages
Accent
Complement
Contradict
Control
Repeat
Substitute
Help Manage Impressions
You form impressions based on nonverbal communication.
Others form impressions of you the same way.
Help Form Relationships
Nonverbal communication
• Sends relationship messages--affection, support, or displeasure, anger
• Communicates the nature of relationships
Tie Signs
Structure Conversation
• Show attentiveness and active listening
• Eye Contact
• Lack of Eye Contact
• Posture
Turn-taking cues
• Nod of the head
Can Influence and Deceive
Nonverbal messages influence others
Nonverbal messages deceive others
Are Crucial for Expressing Emotions
Nonverbal can show your emotions
• Facial expressions show anger, happiness, confusion
• Posture shows if you are tense or relaxed
• Eye contact or lack thereof
Nonverbal can hide your emotions
• You smile even though you are sad.
Ten channels of nonverbal communication
Body Communication
Body Appearance
• Height
• Weight
• Race and Nationality
• Hair Color and Style
• General Attractiveness
Body Gesture
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect Displays
Regulators
Adaptors
Smell Communication
Taste messages
Memory messages
Attraction mesages
Identification messages
Facial Messages
Facial management techniques
To neutralize
To mask
To deintensify
To stimulate
To intensify
Encoding-decoding accuracy
Eye Messages
Oculesics show that duration, direction, and quality of eye movement communicate different messages.
Eye Contact: to seek feedback, to inform the other person that the communication channel is open, Visual dominance can signal power
Eye Avoidance: • Civil inattention
Culture, Gender, and Eye Messages
Spatial Messages
Proxemics—the use of space to communicate meanings
Proxemic Distances
• Personal: 18 inches - 4 feet
• Social: 4 -12f
• Public: 12 - 25+ feet
• Intimate: 0-18 inches
Territoriality
• Primary: your exclusive preserve
• Secondary: don't belong to you, but are associated with you
• Public: open to all people
Artifactual Messages: Messages communicated via objects or arrangements made by people
• Color: influences perceptions and behaviors
• Clothing and Body Adornment: Results in perceptions about socioeconomic class, seriousness, attitudes, your concern for convention, your sense of style, your creativity, etc.
• Space Decoration: May communicate status and wealth, personality
• Smell
Touch Messages
Tactile Communication
The meanings of touch
• Positive feelings
• Playfulness
• Control
• Ritual
• Task-Related
Touch Avoidance
Culture and Touch
Paralanguage Messages
Vocal but nonverbal dimensions of speech
• Pitch
• Rate
• Volume
• Rhythm
Judgments About People
Judgments About Communication Effectiveness
Silence Messages
• Communicates meaning
• Allows speaker time to think and organize thoughts
• Prepares receiver for important messages
• Can be used as punishment or to disconfirm
• Response to anxiety, shyness, or threats
• Can prevent communication
• Can communicate emotional responses
• Seen in computer-mediated communication
Time Messages
Chronemics explores how we organize, react to, and communicate messages with time.
• Formal and Informal Time
• Monochronism and Polychronism
• The Social Clock
Nonverbal Communication Competence
Be mindful
• Be aware of yours and others
• Observe effective and ineffective nonverbal messages
• Encode and decode with care
Encoding skills
Monitor your own nonverbal messages with the same care that you monitor your verbal messages.
Keep your nonverbal messages consistent with your verbal messages.
Take the situation into consideration.
Maintain eye contact with the speaker.
Be careful with touching
Decoding Skills:
Resist leaping to conclusions.
Take multiple channels into consideration.
Measure behaviors against a baseline.
Interpret your judgments and conclusions against a cultural context.